Download marine-042116 - Insurance Information Institute

The Global Economy, Rising Risk
and Marine Insurance Markets
Risk and Reward in a Troubled World
San Francisco Board of Marine Underwriters
San Francisco, CA
April 21, 2016
Download at www.iii.org/presentations
Robert P. Hartwig, Ph.D., CPCU, President & Economist
Insurance Information Institute  110 William Street  New York, NY 10038
Tel: 212.346.5520  Cell: 917.453.1885  [email protected]  www.iii.org
Outlook: Property/Casualty & Economy
 Modest growth will continue in 2016 (~ 3.5% DPW in US)
 Exposure growth tied primarily to overall GDP growth/key sector drivers
 Rates remain flat to marginally negative for commercial lines in 2016
 Reinsurance pricing under pressure—more so for property risks
 Underlying loss cost trends remain manageable
 Industry is very well capitalized on a global scale
 Continued pressure from alternative capital
 Anti-trade, nationalistic sentiments bad for marine ins.
 Sluggish growth abroad impacts trade flows
 Strong dollar has hurt US manufacturing, exports
 Commodity prices remain weak but have likely bottomed
2
Risk & Insurance
U.S. and Global Perspective
Marine Insurance Is Very Sensitive to
the Global Economic and Political
Environment
3
5 Major Categories for External Global Risks,
Uncertainties and Fears: Insurance Solutions
1. Economic Risks
2. Geopolitical Risks
3. Environmental Risks
4. Technological Risks
5. Societal Risks
While risks can
be broadly
categorized,
none are
mutually
exclusive
Source: Adapted from World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2014; Insurance Information Institute.
4
Multitude of Exogenous Factors Influence
Growth, Performance & Cyclicality
 Tepid growth in US, Europe
 Weakness in China/Emerging Economies
 Political uncertainty in the US, Brazil, Argentina
 UK “Brexit” concern
 Low/Negative Interest Rates
 Resurgent Terrorism Risk: ISIS & Other Groups
 Cyber Attacks
 Sabre Rattling (e.g., US-China, Russia)
 Severe Natural Disaster LossesSupply Chain
 Nationalism
 International trade deals under siege
 (Over)Regulation: Systemic Risk?
 Strong dollar has impacted manufacturing
Are “Black Swans”
everywhere or
does it just seem
that way?
5
Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Likelihood,
2007—2016: Insurance Can Help With Most
In 2016,
societal
and
environmental
issues
dominated
frequency
concerns
Concerns Shift Considerably Over Short Spans of Time. 2016 Includes a
Mix of Environmental Economic, Social and Environmental Risks
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2016; Insurance Information Institute.
6
Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Impact,
2007—2016: Insurance Can Help With Most
In 2016,
societal
issues
dominated
severity
concerns
Concerns Over the Impacts of Societal Risks Remained High in 2016, but
Economic, Environment and Geopolitical Risks Also Loom Large
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2016; Insurance Information Institute.
7
Globalization:
The Global Economy Creates
and Transmits Cycles & Risks
Globalization Is a Double Edged Sword—
Creating Opportunity and Wealth But
Potentially Creating and Amplifying Risk
Emerging vs. “Advanced” Economies
8
GDP Growth: Advanced & Emerging
Economies vs. World, 1970-2016F
GDP Growth (%)
10.0
8.0
World output is forecast to grow by
3.4% in 2016 and 3.6% in 2017. The
world economy shrank by 0.6% in
2009 amid the global financial crisis
Emerging economy
growth rates are expected
to increase to 4.3% in
2016 and 4.7% in 2017
6.0
4.0
2.0
(2.0)
(4.0)
Advanced economies are expected
to grow at a modest pace of 2.1% in
2016 and 2017.
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16F
17F
0.0
Advanced economies
Emerging and developing economies
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, Jan. 2016; Insurance Information Institute.
World
Real GDP Growth Forecasts:
Major Economies: 2014 – 2017F
The Eurozone
remains weak
but should
improve
7.3%
6.9%
6.4%
6.3%
Growth in China has
slowed but outpaces
the US and Europe
US
Euro Area
UK
2014
Germany’s growth
mirrors the
Eurozone overall
Germany Australia
2015F
2016F
2.4%
1.3%
1.8%
2.2%
0.6%
1.0%
0.7%
-0.1%
Growth in the UK
is stronger than in
the Eurozone
2.7%
2.3%
2.1%
2.4%
1.6%
1.5%
1.8%
1.8%
2.8%
2.4%
2.1%
2.2%
0.9%
1.5%
1.7%
1.8%
“Brexit” impact
will be negative
2.4%
2.4%
2.6%
2.6%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
-1%
US growth
should
accelerate
in 2016
Japan
Canada
China
2017F
Growth Prospects Vary Widely by Region; US and the UK Lead the
Advanced Economies; Germany Leads in the Euro Area; China Has Slowed
Sources: Blue Chip Economic Indicators (2/2016 issue); IMF ( Jan. 2016); Insurance Information Institute.
11
Non-Life Insurance: Global Real (Inflation
Adjusted) Premium Growth, 2014
Real nonlife
premium
growth was
stronger in the
US in 2014
than in most of
Europe
Market
Life
Non-Life
Total
Advanced
3.8
1.8
2.9
Emerging
6.9
8.0
7.4
World
4.3
2.9
3.7
Source: Swiss Re, sigma, No. 4/2015.
12
World Trade Volume Growth*,
2012 – 2017F
World trade volume growth is
expected to accelerate modestly
by 2017 after dipping in 2015, 2016
3.8%
4%
3.2%
4%
3%
3.3%
2.8%
3.1%
2.8%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
0%
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016F
*Goods and services.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, April 2016; Insurance Information Institute.
2017F
13
World Trade Volume: IMPORTS
2010 – 2017F
Growth (%)
Emerging Economies
Advanced Economies
18%
16%
Import growth in Advanced
Economies is expected to
decelerate in 2016
14%
12%
11.5%
8.8%
10%
8%
6%
Import growth in emerging
economies outpaces
Advanced Economies has
been hit hard
15.3%
5.7% 5.7%
4.3%
3.4%
4%
4.3%
3.4%
4.1%
3.6%
1.1% 1.4%
2%
3.0%
3.7%
0.5%
Sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2016 ); Insurance Information Institute.
20
16
F
20
17
F
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
16
F
20
17
F
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
0%
14
World Trade Volume: EXPORTS
2010 – 2017F
Growth (%)
Emerging Economies
Advanced Economies
16%
14%
Export growth in advanced
economies is expected to
decelerate in 2016 before
accelerating in 2017
12.2%
12%
10%
8%
6%
Export growth in
emerging economies has
struggled but should
improve in 2016-17
14.7%
6.7%
5.3%
4.2%
4%
3.4%
2.1% 2.3%
2.5%
4.2% 4.4%
3.5%
3.8% 3.9%
2.9%
1.7%
2%
Sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2016); Insurance Information Institute.
20
16
F
20
17
F
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
16
F
20
17
F
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
0%
15
World Trade is an Increasingly Important
Part of Global Economic Output
Two decades ago, world
trade powered just 20
percent of global
economic activity—now
it’s 30 percent but has
struggled recently
Sources: World Trade Organization data through 2014 from International Trade Statistics 2015; Insurance Information Institute
16
Ocean Marine Overview
Underwriting is Historically Volatile But
Improved in Recent Years
18
U.S. Ocean Marine Combined Ratio:
2004–2014
Ocean Marine results
have improved markedly
in 2013 and 2014
95
98.0
93.5
109.3
91.0
100
97.2
105
98.7
110
100.8
115
96.4
120
103.6
125
113.7
118.4
130
90
85
80
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
Ocean Marine Results Have Been Quite Volatile Over the
Past Decade, with the Combined Ratio Ranging by More
than 20 Points
Sources: A.M. Best; Insurance Information Institute.
19
Ocean Marine vs. Commercial Lines
Combined Ratio: 1989–2014
90
103.6
104.2
98.9
96.4
102.4
100.8
107.9
109.3
103.5
98.0
94.8
93.5
94.3
91.0
113.7
93.6
98.7
110.2
104.1
102.0
97.2
102.5
118.4
122.3
119.4
118.8
107.6
102.0
104.1
110.4
109.7
115.5
112.3
107.2
111.1
102.2
110.2
105.4
91.1
95
100.0
100
89.6
105
92.4
110
All Commercial Lines
109.5
109.5
107.9
112.5
115
110.2
120
97.3
125
114.2
108.7
118.2
109.4
Ocean Marine
Average: 1989-2014
Ocean Marine: 104.3
All Commercial Lines: 106.0
85
80
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Ocean Marine has marginally outperformed Commercial Lines
overall over the period from 1989 – 2014
Sources: A.M. Best; Insurance Information Institute.
20
U.S. Ocean Marine Direct Written
Premiums: 2004–2014
$ Billions
Ocean Marine
premium volume has
been volatile
$4.2
$4.0
$3.8
3.73
3.78
4.10
4.01
3.96
3.93
13
14
3.80
3.63
$3.6
3.57
3.38
$3.4
3.20
$3.2
$3.0
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
Ocean Marine Premium Volume Fell During the Global
Financial Crisis, Increased but Is Now Falling Again
Sources: A.M. Best; Insurance Information Institute.
21
Global Insurance Premium
Growth Trends
Growth Is Uneven Across Regions
and Market Segments
22
Non-Life Insurance: Global Real (Inflation
Adjusted) Premium Growth, 2014
Real nonlife
premium
growth was
stronger in the
US in 2014
than in most of
Europe
Market
Life
Non-Life
Total
Advanced
3.8
1.8
2.9
Emerging
6.9
8.0
7.4
World
4.3
2.9
3.7
Source: Swiss Re, sigma, No. 4/2015.
24
The Unfortunate Nexus:
Opportunity, Risk & Instability
Most of the Global Economy’s Future
Gains Will be Fraught with Much
Greater Risk and Uncertainty than in
the Past
30
Political Risk: Greatest Opportunities
Often in Risky Nations
As of
2015:Q4
Latin and South
America have modest
terrorist threats though
Brazil is elevated
Source: Aon PLC; Insurance Information Institute.
Terrorism remains a
greater concern in
the Middle East,
Africa and South Asia
31
Terrorism Risk: Greatest Opportunities
Are Often in Risky Nations
As of
2015:Q4
Latin and South
America also present
insurers with growth
opportunities but
political instability has
increased markedly
Source: Aon PLC; Insurance Information Institute.
Problems in the
Ukraine will
intensify
political risk in
several former
Soviet republics
The fastest growing
markets are generally also
among the politically
riskiest, including East and
South Asia and Africa
32
Country Shares of World
Merchandise Exports
The US, China, Japan and Western Europe lead the
world in merchandise exports
Source: World Trade Organization accessed 4/30/14 at: http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/statis_e.htm ; Insurance
Information Institute.
33
P/C (Re)Insurance Industry
Financial Overview
2015 Was a Reasonably Good Year
and Very Similar to 2014
35
$55,870
$56,622
14
15E
$63,784
$33,522
$19,456
$3,043
$28,672
$35,204
$62,496
Net income in
2015 was on par
with 2014; ROE
unchanged at
8.4%
$44,155
$38,501
$30,029
$20,559
$21,865
$30,773
$20,598
$10,870
$3,046
$10,000
$19,316
$20,000
$5,840
$30,000
$14,178
$40,000
$36,819
2005 ROE*= 9.6%
2006 ROE = 12.7%
2007 ROE = 10.9%
2008 ROE = 0.1%
2009 ROE = 5.0%
2010 ROE = 6.6%
2011 ROAS1 = 3.5%
2012 ROAS1 = 5.9%
2013 ROAS1 = 10.2%
2014 ROAS1 = 8.4%
2015 ROAS = 8.4%
$24,404
$ Millions 


$80,000


$70,000


$60,000


$50,000


$65,777
P/C Industry Net Income After Taxes
1991–2015
$0
13
12
11
10
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
00
-$6,970
-$10,000
•ROE figures are GAAP; 1Return on avg. surplus. Excluding Mortgage & Financial Guaranty insurers yields a 8.2% ROAS in 2014, 9.8% ROAS in 2013,
6.2% ROAS in 2012, 4.7% ROAS for 2011, 7.6% for 2010 and 7.4% for 2009; 2015E is annualized figure based actual figure through Q3 of $44.0
Sources: A.M. Best, ISO; Insurance Information Institute
ROE: Property/Casualty Insurance by
Major Event, 1987–2015
(Percent)
P/C Profitability Is Both by
Cyclicality and Ordinary Volatility
20%
Modestly
higher
CATs
Katrina,
Rita, Wilma
Low
CATs
15%
10%
Sept. 11
5%
0%
Hugo
Andrew,
Iniki
Lowest CAT
Losses in
15 Years
Northridge
4 Hurricanes
Financial
Crisis*
Sandy
Record
Tornado
Losses
-5%
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
* Excludes Mortgage & Financial Guarantee in 2008 – 2014.
Sources: ISO, Fortune; Insurance Information Institute.
39
P/C Insurance Industry
Combined Ratio, 2001–2015*
As Recently as 2001,
Insurers Paid Out
Nearly $1.16 for Every
$1 in Earned
Premiums
Heavy Use of
Reinsurance
Lowered Net
Losses
Relatively
Low CAT
Losses,
Reserve
Releases
120
115.8
110
Best
Combined
Ratio Since
1949 (87.6)
107.5
Cyclical
Deterioration
Higher
CAT
Losses,
Shrinking
Reserve
Releases,
Toll of Soft
Market
Sandy
Impacts
Lower
CAT
Losses
106.5
102.5
101.1
99.3
98.4
100
Avg. CAT
Losses,
More
Reserve
Releases
101.0
100.8
100.1
Relatively
Low CAT
Losses,
Reserve
Releases
96.4
95.7
97.4 97.8
92.6
90
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
* Excludes Mortgage & Financial Guaranty insurers 2008--2014. Including M&FG, 2008=105.1, 2009=100.7, 2010=102.4, 2011=108.1; 2012:=103.2;
2013: = 96.1; 2014: = 97.0.
Sources: A.M. Best, ISO; Figure for 2010-2014 is from A.M. Best P&C Review and Preview, Feb. 16, 2016.
40
Number of Years with Underwriting
Profits by Decade, 1920s–2010s
Number of Years with Underwriting Profits
12
10
10
8
8
7
6
6
5
4
4
3
3
2000s*
2010s**
2
0
0
1980s
1990s
0
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
Underwriting Profits Were Common Before the 1980s
(40 of the 60 Years Before 1980 Had Combined Ratios Below 100) –
But Then They Vanished. Not a Single Underwriting Profit Was
Recorded in the 25 Years from 1979 Through 2003
* 2009 combined ratio excl. mort. and finl. guaranty insurers was 99.3, which would bring the 2000s total to 4 years with an u/w profit.
**Data for the 2010s is for the period 2010 through 2015.
Note: Data for 1920–1934 based on stock companies only.
Sources: Insurance Information Institute research from A.M. Best Data.
41
P/C Insurance Loss Reserve Development,
1992 – 2017E*
Reserve Change
Source: A.M. Best; Barclays research for estimates.
Reserve releases are expected to
gradually taper off slowly, but
will continue to benefit the
bottom line and combined ratio
through at least 2017
$675.2
$672.4
$673.7
15:Q2
15:Q4
$673.9
$671.6
14:Q4
$624.4
$614.0
$586.9
$583.5
$567.8
$570.7
$550.3
$538.6
$559.1
$544.8
$530.5
$540.7
$511.5
$490.8
14:Q3
14:Q2
14:Q1
13:Q4
13:Q3
13:Q2
12:Q4
12:Q3
12:Q2
12:Q1
11:Q4
11:Q3
11:Q2
11:Q1
10:Q4
10:Q3
10:Q2
10:Q1
09:Q4
Surplus as of 12/31/15 stood
at a near-record high $673.7B
09:Q3
$437.1
$463.0
09:Q2
08:Q4
08:Q3
08:Q2
08:Q1
07:Q4
07:Q3
07:Q2
07:Q1
$400
06:Q4
$450
09:Q1
$455.6
$478.5
$505.0
$515.6
$517.9
$521.8
$496.6
$500
$487.1
$550
$512.8
$600
$559.2
$566.5
$650
13:Q1
$700
$607.7
Drop due to near-record
2011 CAT losses
2007:Q3
Pre-Crisis Peak
$662.0
($ Billions)
$653.4
Policyholder Surplus,
2006:Q4–2015:Q4
The industry now has $1 of surplus for every $0.76 of NPW,
close to the strongest claims-paying status in its history.
2010:Q1 data includes $22.5B of
paid-in capital from a holding
company parent for one insurer’s
investment in a non-insurance
business .
Sources: ISO, A.M .Best.
The P/C insurance industry entered 2016
in very strong financial condition.
43
US Policyholder Surplus:
1975–2015*
($ Billions)
$750
$700
$650
$600
$550
$500
$450
$400
$350
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
Surplus as of 12/31/15 was a near-record $673.7,
down 0.2% from $675.2 of 12/31/14, and up 54.1%
($236.6B) from the crisis trough of $437.1B at 3/31/09
“Surplus” is a measure of
underwriting capacity. It is
analogous to “Owners Equity”
or “Net Worth” in noninsurance organizations
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15
The Premium-to-Surplus Ratio Stood at $0.76:$1 as of
12/31/15, a Near Record Low (at Least in Recent History)
* As of 12/31/15.
Source: A.M. Best, ISO, Insurance Information Institute.
Net Premium Growth (All P/C Lines):
Annual Change, 1971—2015
(Percent)
1975-78
1984-87
2000-03
Net Written Premiums Fell
0.7% in 2007 (First Decline
Since 1943) by 2.0% in 2008,
and 4.2% in 2009, the First 3Year Decline Since 1930-33.
25%
20%
15%
10%
Outlook
2015: 3.4%
2016F: 3.9%
2014: 4.2%
2017F: 3.8%
2013: 4.4%
2012: +4.2%
5%
0%
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15*
-5%
Shaded areas denote “hard market” periods
Sources: A.M. Best (1971-2013), ISO (2014-15).
47
NPW Premium Growth: Peaks & Troughs in the
P/C Insurance Industry, 1926 – 2015
ROE
Post WW II Peak:
1947: 26.2%
30%
25%
20%
Start of WW II
1941: 15.8%
1970-90: Peak premium growth was much
higher in this period while troughs were
comparable. Rapid inflation, economic
volatility, high interest rates, tort
environment all played roles
Economic Shocks,
Inflation:
1976: 22.0%
Tort Crisis
1985/86: 22.2%
1988-2000:
Period of
inter-cycle
stability
15%
10%
Post-9/11
2002:15.3%
2015
3.4%
5%
-5%
-10%
-15%
-20%
1950-70: Extended period of
stability in growth and
profitability. Low interest rates,
low inflation, “Bureau” rate
regulation all played a role
Twin
Recessions;
Interest Rate
Hikes
1987: 3.7%
Great Depression
1932: -15.9% max drop
201020XX?
Postrecession
period of
stable
growth?
Great
Recession:
2010: -4.9%
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
0%
Note: Data through 1934 are based on stock companies only. Data include state funds beginning in 1998.
Source: A.M. Best; Insurance Information Institute.
Direct Premiums Written: Comm. Lines
Percent Change by State, 2007-2014
90
Growth Benchmarks: Commercial
43 states showed
commercial lines
growth from 2007
through 2014
70
60
US: 5.9%
11.8
10.3
8.7
8.5
8.4
8.0
7.9
7.6
7.1
6.6
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.4
4.5
WI
MA
AR
CT
NY
NJ
CO
NM
OH
LA
US
MS
NH
MO
13.9
IN
MN
14.6
AK
20.6
TX
15.2
21.0
KS
20
WY
22.5
IA
24.8
30
29.4
40
33.3
50
36.8
Pecent change (%)
80
80.4
Top 25 States
NE
OK
VT
SD
0
ND
10
Sources: SNL Financial LLC.; Insurance Information Institute.
51
Direct Premiums Written: Comm. Lines
Percent Change by State, 2007-2014
Bottom 25 States
Nearly half the states have yet to
see commercial lines premium
volume return to pre-crisis levels
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.1
1.4
0.9
TN
MD
MT
CA
RI
WA
GA
PA
UT
IL
KY
VA
NC
ME
SC
ID
-15
-10.7
-6.9
OR
-9.2
-6.5
-10
FL
-5.3
-5
-3.2
0
-1.3
-22.2
WV
DE
AZ
HI
DC
AL
-25
-19.9
-20
NV
Pecent change (%)
5
MI
10
Sources: SNL Financial LLC.; Insurance Information Institute.
52
Change in Commercial Rate Renewals,
by Account Size: 1999:Q4 to 2015:Q4
Percentage Change (%)
Peak = 2001:Q4
+28.5%
Pricing Turned
Negative in Early
2004 and
Remained that
way for 7 ½ years
Pricing turned positive in
Q3:2011, the first increase in
nearly 8 years; Q4:2015
renewals were down 2.8%;
Some insurers posted
stronger numbers.
KRW : No
Lasting
Impact
Trough = 2007:Q3
-13.6%
Note: CIAB data cited here are based on a survey. Rate changes earned by individual insurers can and do vary, potentially substantially.
Source: Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers; Barclay’s Capital; Insurance Information Institute.
53
CIAB: Average Commercial Rate
Change, All Lines, (1Q:2004–4Q:2015)
-11%
-16%
0.1%
-0.7%
-2.3%
-3.3%
-3.1%
-2.8%
-6%
-3.2%
-5.9%
-7.0%
-9.4%
-9.7%
-8.2%
-4.6%
-2.7%
-3.0%
-5.3%
-9.6%
-11.3%
-11.8%
-13.3%
-12.0%
-13.5%
-12.9%
-11.0%
-6.4%
-5.1%
-4.9%
-5.8%
-5.6%
-5.3%
-6.4%
-5.2%
-5.4%
-2.9%
-0.1%
-1%
-0.1%
4%
Q2 2011 marked the
last of 30th
consecutive quarter
of price declines
-0.5%
9%
0.9%
2.7%
4.4%
4.3%
3.9%
5.0%
5.2%
4.3%
3.4%
2.1%
1.5%
(Percent)
Pricing as of Q4:2015
remained somewhat negative
1Q04
2Q04
3Q04
4Q04
1Q05
2Q05
3Q05
4Q05
1Q06
2Q06
3Q06
4Q06
1Q07
2Q07
3Q07
4Q07
1Q08
2Q08
3Q08
4Q08
1Q09
2Q09
3Q09
4Q09
1Q10
2Q10
3Q10
4Q10
1Q11
2Q11
3Q11
4Q11
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
4Q12
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
4Q13
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
3Q15
KRW Effect
Note: CIAB data cited here are based on a survey. Rate changes earned by individual insurers can and do vary, potentially substantially.
Source: Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers; Insurance Information Institute
57
Change in Commercial Rate Renewals,
by Line: 2015:Q4
3.0%
2.7%
2.0%
1.6%
1.9%
D&O
4.0%
Commercial Auto rate
increases are larger than
any other line, followed
by D&O and EPL
EPL
Percentage Change (%)
1.0%
0.0%
-0.1%
-1.0%
-1.3%
Commercial
Auto
Surety
Construction
-2.8%
-2.2%
Business
Interruption
-3.4%
General
Liability
-3.5%
Commercial
Property
-4.0%
-2.6%
Workers
Comp
-3.0%
Umbrella
-2.0%
Major Commercial Lines Renewals Were Mixed to Down in Q4:2015;
EPL, D&O and Commercial Auto Saw Gains
Note: CIAB data cited here are based on a survey. Rate changes earned by individual insurers can and do vary, potentially substantially.
Source: Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers; Insurance Information Institute.
58
INVESTMENTS:
THE NEW REALITY
Investment Performance is a Key
Driver of Profitability
Depressed Yields Will Necessarily
Influence Underwriting & Pricing
59
Property/Casualty Insurance Industry
Investment Income: 2000–2015E1
Investment earnings
are still below their
2007 pre-crisis peak
($ Billions)
$60
$54.6
$52.3
$50
$40
$51.2
$49.5
$49.2
$47.1 $47.6
$38.9
$38.7
$48.0 $47.3
$46.2 $46.5
$39.6
$37.1 $36.7
$30
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15E
Due to persistently low interest rates,
investment income fell in 2012, 2013 and 2014.
1
Investment gains consist primarily of interest and stock dividends.
Sources: ISO; Insurance Information Institute.
*2015 figure is estimated based on annualized data through Q3.
U.S. Treasury Security Yields:
A Long Downward Trend, 1990–2016*
9%
Yields on 10-Year U.S. Treasury
Notes have been essentially
below 5% for more than a decade.
8%
7%
6%
Despite the Fed’s
December 2015
rate hike, yield
remain low
though shortterm yields have
seen some gains
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
Recession
2-Yr Yield
10-Yr Yield
0%
'90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16
Since roughly 80% of P/C bond/cash investments are in 10-year or shorter durations,
most P/C insurer portfolios will have low-yielding bonds for years to come.
*Monthly, constant maturity, nominal rates, through March 2016.
Sources: Federal Reserve Bank at http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/data.htm. National Bureau of Economic Research
(recession dates); Insurance Information Institute.
62
Net Investment Yield on Property/ Casualty
Insurance Invested Assets, 2007–2016P*
(Percent)
4.6
Estimated book yield in
2016 is down about 140
BP from pre-crisis levels
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.0
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15E
16P
The yield on invested assets remains low relative to pre-crisis yields. The Fed’s plan to
raise interest rates in late 2015 has pushed up some yields, albeit quite modestly.
Sources: A.M. Best; 2015E-2016P figures from A.M. Best P/C Review and Preview, Feb. 2016; Insurance Information Institute
Interest Rate Forecasts: 2016 – 2021
Yield (%)
3-Month Treasury
10-Year Treasury
5%
4%
3.7%
3.8%
3.9%
3.4%
3%
2.7%
2.9%
3.0%
2.3%
2.8%
2.2%
2.1%
2%
The end of the Fed’s QE
program in 2014 and a
stronger economy have
yet to push longer-term
yields much higher
1.3%
1%
0.5%
0.1%
0%
15F
16F
17F
18F
19F
20F
21F
15F
16F
17F
18F
19F
20F
21F
A full normalization of interest rates is unlikely until 2019, more than a
decade after the onset of the financial crisis.
Sources: Blue Chip Economic Indicators (4/16 for 2016 and 2017; for 2018-2021 3/16 issue); Insurance Info. Institute.
67
Profitability & Politics
How Is Profitability Affected by
the President’s Political Party?
72
P/C Insurance Industry ROE by
Presidential Administration, 1950-2015*
16.43%
Carter
Reagan II
Obama II
Nixon
Clinton I
G.H.W. Bush
G.W. Bush II
Clinton II
Reagan I
Nixon/Ford
Truman
Eisenhower I
Eisenhower II
G.W. Bush I
Obama I
Johnson
Kennedy/Johnson
15.10%
8.93%
8.93%
8.65%
OVERALL RECORD:
1950-2015*
Democrats 7.72%
Republicans 7.85%
8.35%
8.33%
7.98%
7.68%
6.98%
6.97%
5.43%
5.03%
4.83%
4.68%
4.43%
Party of President has
marginal bearing on
profitability of P/C
insurance industry
3.55%
0%
2%
4%
6%
*Truman administration ROE of 6.97% based on 3 years only, 1950-52;.
Source: Insurance Information Institute
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Trump vs. Clinton:
Issues that Matter to P/C Insurers
Issue
Trump
Clinton
Economy
Supply Side-Like Philosophy:
Lower taxesFaster real GDP
growth; Deficits likely grow as tax
cuts are combined with targeted
increased spending on Homeland
Security, Defense, etc.
Keynesian Philosophy:
More government spending
on infrastructure, education,
social services; Deficits likely
increase as tax increases
likely difficult to pass
Interest Rates
May trend higher with larger
deficits; Shift from monetary
policy to fiscal focus (tax cuts,
government spending)
Status quo at the Fed; Net
impact on interest rates
unclear
Taxes
Favors lower tax rates for
corporate and personal income
tax rates; Tax code overhaul?
Unlikely to reduce taxes or
embark on major overhaul of
tax code
International
Trade
Protectionist Tendencies
Has criticized Trans-Pacific
Partnership but is a realist on
international matters
Tort System
Doesn’t like trial lawyers but
seems to like filing lawsuits
Status Quo
75
GLOBAL M&A UPDATE:
A PATH TO GROWTH?
Are Capital Accumulation, Drive
for Growth and Scale Stimulating
M&A Activity?
76
U.S. INSURANCE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS,
P/C SECTOR, 1994-2015E (1)
$32,000
$12,458
$6,723
$4,397
40
$4,651
$9,264
$425
$486
$1,249
80
60
$6,419
$20,353
$19,118
$8,059
$10,000
$5,100
$20,000
$11,534
$30,000
120
100
$3,507
$40,032
$30,873
$40,000
140
$0
Number of transactions
Transaction values
$50,000
M&A activity in
the P/C sector was
up sharply in 2015
$16,294
$55,825
$13,615
$60,000
M&A activity in 2015
will likely reach its
highest level since
1998. Globally,
across all sectors,
M&A activity
exceeded $200B
$35,221
($ Millions)
20
0
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15E
(1) Includes transactions where a U.S. company was the acquirer and/or the target.
Source: Conning proprietary database; 2015 I.I.I. estimate.
77
Huge Shift from Domestic M&A Activity
to Cross-Border
The share of M&A
deal volume that
was cross-border
more than
doubled in 2015
.Source: Thomson Reuters as of Oct. 2015 from Geneva Association Newsletter Insurance and Finance, Jan. 2016,
presentation “Facts vs. Sentiment: Deals in the Insurance Sector,” by Aviva CEO Mark Wilson.
79
M&A Activity Has Shifted Away from Europe
and Towards Asia and N. America
Asian, N. American
deal volumes were up
sharply in 2015
.Source: Thomson Reuters as of Oct. 2015 from Geneva Association Newsletter Insurance and Finance, Jan. 2016,
presentation “Facts vs. Sentiment: Deals in the Insurance Sector,” by Aviva CEO Mark Wilson.
80
M&A: Deal Rationale by Dollar Amount
Scale drives most
deals (excluding
health sector)
Source: SNL Financial and WCMA estimates from Geneva Association Newsletter Insurance and Finance, Jan.
.
2016,
presentation “What is the Logic Behind Consolidation? And Does It Create Value? A View from Outside,” by
Brian Shea, Head of Willis Capital Markets & Advisory Europe (WCMA).
81
Some Key Drivers in the
US Economy
Economic Factors Driving
Exposure Growth and
Insurer Performance
82
US Real GDP Growth*
Q4:2008 decline was
Real GDP Growth (%) The
the steepest since the
-7%
-0.3%
Q1 2014/15 GDP data
were hit hard by this
year’s “Polar Vortex”
and harsh winter
-8.9%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
08:1Q
08:2Q
08:3Q
08:4Q
09:1Q
09:2Q
09:3Q
09:4Q
10:1Q
10:2Q
10:3Q
10:4Q
11:1Q
11:2Q
11:3Q
11:4Q
12:1Q
12:2Q
12:3Q
12:4Q
13:1Q
13:2Q
13:3Q
13:4Q
14:1Q
14:2Q
14:3Q
14:4Q
15:1Q
15:2Q
15:3Q
15:4Q
16:1Q
16:2Q
16:3Q
16:4Q
17:1Q
17:2Q
17:3Q
17:4Q
-9%
-5.3%
-5%
Recession
began in
Dec, 2007
-3.7%
-3%
-1.8%
-1%
4.6%
4.3%
2.1%
0.6%
3.9%
2.0%
1.4%
2.0%
2.4%
2.4%
2.4%
2.2%
2.4%
2.2%
2.2%
1%
-0.9%
5.0%
1.4%
2.3%
2.2%
2.6%
2.4%
0.1%
2.5%
1.3%
4.1%
2.0%
1.3%
3.1%
0.4%
2.7%
1.8%
4.5%
3.5%
3%
1.3%
5%
1.1%
1.8%
2.5%
3.6%
3.1%
2.7%
1.8%
7%
4.1%
Q1:1982 drop of 6.8%
Demand for Insurance Should Increase in 2016 as GDP Growth Continues at
a Steady, Albeit Moderate Pace and Gradually Benefits the Economy Broadly
*
Estimates/Forecasts from Blue Chip Economic Indicators.
Source: US Department of Commerce, Blue Economic Indicators 3/16; Insurance Information Institute.
83
US Unemployment Rate Forecast
Rising unemployment
eroded payrolls
and WC’s
exposure base.
11%
Unemployment peaked
at 10% in late 2009.
10%
6%
5%
4.5%
4.5%
4.6%
4.8%
4.9%
5.4%
6.1%
6.9%
7%
8.1%
9%
8%
9.3%
9.6%
10.0%
9.7%
9.6%
9.6%
9.6%
8.9%
9.1%
9.1%
8.7%
8.3%
8.2%
8.0%
7.8%
7.7%
7.6%
7.3%
7.0%
6.6%
6.2%
6.1%
5.7%
5.6%
5.4%
5.2%
5.0%
4.9%
4.8%
4.7%
4.6%
4.6%
4.5%
4.5%
4.5%
2007:Q1 to 2017:Q4F*
Jobless figures
have been revised
downwards for 2016
Unemployment forecasts
have been revised modestly
downwards. Optimistic
scenarios put the
unemployment as low as
4.3% by Q4 of 2016.
07:Q1
07:Q2
07:Q3
07:Q4
08:Q1
08:Q2
08:Q3
08:Q4
09:Q1
09:Q2
09:Q3
09:Q4
10:Q1
10:Q2
10:Q3
10:Q4
11:Q1
11:Q2
11:Q3
11:Q4
12:Q1
12:Q2
12:Q3
12:Q4
13:Q1
13:Q2
13:Q3
13:Q4
14:Q1
14:Q2
14:Q3
14:Q4
15:Q1
15:Q2
15:Q3
15:Q4
16:Q1
16:Q2
16:Q3
16:Q4
17:Q1
17:Q2
17:Q3
17:Q4
4%
*
= actual;
= forecasts
Sources: US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Blue Chip Economic Indicators (3/16 edition); Insurance Information Institute.
84
Continued Business Investment Will
Spur Commercial Exposure Growth
10%
9.0%
9%
The level and direction of
interest rates is likely to
affect these growth rates.
8%
7%
6.2%
6%
5%
4.4%
3.9%
4%
3.0%
2.9%
3%
3.9%
2.6%
2%
1%
0%
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016F
2017F
2018F
2019F
Continued business investment will be a potent driver of commercial
property and liability insurance exposures. It should drive employment and
WC payroll exposures as well (with a lag).
Sources: Blue Chip Economic Indicators, 2/2016 (history and forecasts for 2016 and 2017, 10/2015 for forecasts for 2018 and 2019;
Insurance Information Institute.
85
Annual Inflation Rates, (CPI-U, %),
1990–2017F
Annual
Inflation
Rates (%)
6.0
5.0
4.9
5.1
3.8
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
Inflationary
expectations
have slipped
(due in part to
falling energy
costs) allowing
the Fed to
maintain low
interest rates
Inflation peaked at 5.6% in August 2008
on high energy and commodity crisis.
The recession and the collapse of the
commodity bubble reduced inflationary
pressures in 2009/10
3.3 3.4
3.2
2.9 2.8
2.4
3.0
2.6
2.5
3.8
3.2
2.8
2.3
1.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.5 1.6
1.3
1.0
0.1
0.0
-0.4
-1.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16F17F
Slack in the U.S. economy and falling energy prices suggests that
inflationary pressures should remain subdued for an extended
period of times
Sources: US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Blue Chip Economic Indicators, 4/16 (forecasts).
86
Commodity Prices Have Plunged to
Lowest Levels Since 2000
Bank of Canada, Commodity price indices, weekly data, (indexed to Jan 2000=100)
Energy and other
commodity prices
have tumbled
Note: Total index includes energy, metals & minerals, agriculture, forestry and fish.
Upside for most advanced economies, but a downside for commodity exporters
Source: Datastream from IUMI Hamburg 2016 presentation by Doug Harrell, Aspen Insurance.
MANUFACTURING SECTOR
OVERVIEW & OUTLOOK
The U.S. Manufacturing Sector Is
Being Buffeted by a High Dollar,
Weak Export Markets and
Plunging Oil Prices
88
45
40
60.4
59.6
57.8
58.3
57.1
54.2
55.8
60.8
61.4
59.7
59.7
51.4
52.5
52.5
51.8
52.2
53.1
54.1
51.9
53.3
54.1
52.5
50.2
50.5
50.7
51.6
51.7
49.9
50.2
53.1
54.2
51.3
50.7
49.0
50.9
55.4
55.7
56.2
56.4
57.0
56.5
51.3
53.2
53.7
54.9
55.4
55.3
57.1
59.0
56.6
59.0
58.7
55.5
53.5
52.9
51.5
51.5
52.8
53.5
52.7
51.1
50.2
50.1
48.6
48.2
50
55.3
55.1
55.2
55.3
56.9
58.2
58.5
55
Jan-10
Feb-10
Mar-10
Apr-10
May-10
Jun-10
Jul-10
Aug-10
Sep-10
Oct-10
Nov-10
DecJan-11
Feb-11
Mar-11
Apr-11
May-11
Jun-11
Jul-11
Aug-11
Sep-11
Oct-11
Nov-11
DecJan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
DecJan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
DecJan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
DecJan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-
60
ISM Manufacturing Index
(Values > 50 Indicate Expansion)
January 2010 through December 2015
65
Manufacturing began to
contract in late 2015
The manufacturing sector expanded for 68 of the 72 months from Jan. 2010
through Dec. 2015. Manufacturing sector now appears to be in contraction
due to weakness abroad, strong dollar and collapse in oil prices
Source: Institute for Supply Management at http://www.ism.ws/ismreport/mfgrob.cfm; Insurance Information Institute.
89
Dollar Value* of Manufacturers’
Shipments Monthly, Jan. 1992—December 2015
$ Millions
$500,000
The value of Manufacturing
Shipments in Dec. 2015 was
$467.0B—down 8% from the July
2014 record high of $508.1B
$400,000
$300,000
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Ja 0
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0
Ja 1
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Ja 2
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Ja 3
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0
Ja 4
n
0
Ja 5
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Ja 6
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Ja 7
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Ja 8
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Ja 9
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$200,000
Monthly shipments in Nov. 2014 exceeded the pre-crisis (July 2008) peak but has declined
in recent months. Weakness abroad, falling energy prices and a strong dollar are hurting
the sector, especially exports. Manufacturing growth leads to gains in many commercial
exposures: WC, Commercial Auto, Marine, Property, and various Liability Coverages.
* Seasonally adjusted; Data published Feb. 4, 2016.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Full Report on Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders, http://www.census.gov/manufacturing/m3/ 90
Manufacturing Growth for Selected
Sectors, 2015 vs. 2014*
Growth (%)
Non-Durables: -9.6%
Durables: +1.8%
8.0%
3.4%
1.8%
-0.6%
2.6%
-0.6%-2.3%-2.1%
-1.3%
-9.5%
-2.3%-2.3%
-9.6%
Manufacturing of nondurable goods is weaker
than for durables
Textile
Products
Plastics &
Rubber
Chemical
Petroleum &
Coal
Food
Products
Non-Durable
Mfg.
Transportation
Equip.
Computers &
Electronics
Electrical
Equip.
Machinery
Fabricated
Metals
Primary
Metals
Wood
Products
-32.2%
Durable Mfg.
All
Manufacturing
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5%
-10% -4.2%
-15%
-20%
-25%
-30%
-35%
Manufacturing Is Contracting Across a Number of Sectors, Especially
Petroleum. Adverse Exposure Impacts Are Likely for: WC, Commercial
Property, Commercial Auto and Certain Liability Coverages
*Seasonally adjusted; Date are YTD comparing data through November 2015 to the same period in 2014.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Full Report on Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders, http://www.census.gov/manufacturing/m3/ 91
CYBER RISK AND INSURANCE
Cyber Risk is a Rapidly Emerging
Exposure for Businesses Large and
Small in Every Industry
92
Data Breaches 2005-2015, by Number of
Breaches and Records Exposed
# Data Breaches/Millions of Records Exposed
Millions
222.5
800
700
783
169.1
614
600
180
160
498
500
140
470
127.7
446
419
92.0
400
66.9
120
85.6
100
321
80
300
200
220
200
662
656
781
35.7
157
60
16.2 22.9
19.1
40
17.5
20
100
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
# Data Breaches
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
# Records Exposed (Millions)
The 781 reported data breaches in 2015 was virtually unchanged form
the record 783 reported in 2014. The number of exposed records
soared to 169.1 million, and increase of 97.5%.
Source: Identity Theft Resource Center (updated as of Jan. 6, 2016);
http://www.idtheftcenter.org/images/breach/ITRCBreachReport2015.pdf
Data/Privacy Breach:
Many Potential Costs Can Be Insured
Costs of
notifying
regulatory
authorities
Regulatory
fines at
home &
abroad
Costs of
notifying
affecting
individuals
Data
Breach
Event
Forensic costs
to discover
cause
Defense and
settlement
costs
Lost customers
and damaged
reputation
Cyber extortion
payments
Business
Income Loss
94
Estimated Cyber Insurance Premiums
Written, 2014 – 2020F
Cyber insurance
premiums written
could more than
triple to $7.5
billion by 2020
$ Billions
$8
$7.5
$7
$6
I.I.I.’s Cyber Risk
paper issued
Oct. 2015
$5
$4
$3
$2
$1.5
$2.0
$1
$0
2014
2015E
Source: Advisen (2014 est.); PwC (2015, 2020); Insurance Information Institute.
2020F
95
Insured Catastrophe Losses
2013/14 and YTD 2015 Experienced Below
Average CAT Activity After Very High CAT
Losses in 2011/12
2016: Cat Activity Rising
96
U.S. Insured Catastrophe Losses
($ Billions, $ 2015)
$80
$75.7
2012 was the 3rd most
expensive year ever for
insured CAT losses
$70
$15.0
$15.5
$13.1
$36.1
$34.6
$14.9
$11.8
$30.1
$7.7
$10.9
$16.8
$7.8
$34.7
$35.8
$6.3
$11.9
$14.8
$11.3
$13.0
$3.9
$10
$8.2
$20
$5.0
$30
$14.4
$40
$9.1
$50
$27.2
$38.9
$60
$0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15*
2013/14 Were Welcome Respites from 2011/12,
among the Costliest Years for Insured Disaster
Losses in US History. Longer-term Trend is for
more—not fewer—Costly Events
$15B in insured
CAT losses though
12/31/15 (est.)
*Estimate hrough 12/31/15 in 2015 dollars.
Note: 2001 figure includes $20.3B for 9/11 losses reported through 12/31/01 ($25.9B 2011 dollars). Includes only business and personal property
claims, business interruption and auto claims. Non-prop/BI losses = $12.2B ($15.6B in 2011 dollars.)
Sources: Property Claims Service/ISO; Insurance Information Institute.
97
97
Inflation Adjusted U.S. Catastrophe
Losses by Cause of Loss, 1995–20141
Wind/Hail/Flood (3), $21.4
Winter storm
losses were
much above
average in
2014/15 are
will push this
share up
Fires (4), $6.0
Other (5), $0.2
Geological Events, $0.5
Terrorism, $24.5
1.5%
5.4%
0.1%
0.1%
6.2%
Winter Storms, $26.9
6.8%
Insured cat losses
from 1995-2014
totaled $395.6B, an
average of $19.8B
per year or $1.65B
per month
40.7%
Tornado share of
CAT losses is
rising
Events Involving
Tornadoes (2), $154.9
Hurricanes & Tropical Storms,
$161.2
39.2%
Wind losses are by
far cause the most
catastrophe losses,
even if hurricanes/TS
are excluded.
1. Catastrophes are defined as events causing direct insured losses to property of $25 million or more in 2014 dollars.
2. Excludes snow.
3. Does not include NFIP flood losses
4. Includes wildland fires
5. Includes civil disorders, water damage, utility disruptions and non-property losses such as those covered by workers compensation.
Source: ISO’s Property Claim Services Unit.
99
Top 16 Most Costly Disasters
in U.S. History—Katrina Still Ranks #1
(Insured Losses, 2014 Dollars, $ Billions)
Storm Sandy in 2012 was
the last mega-CAT to hit
the US; Northridge still
ranks as the 4th costliest
disaster of all time
$60
$50
$50.2
$40
$30
Includes
Tuscaloosa, AL,
tornado
Includes
Joplin, MO,
tornado
$24.6 $25.3 $26.4
$19.3
$20
$10
$0
$9.4 $11.4
$9.0
$8.1
$7.7
$7.3
$6.9
$4.6 $5.7 $5.8
Irene (2011) Jeanne
(2004)
Frances
(2004)
Rita
Tornadoes/Tornadoes/ Hugo
(2005) T-Storms T-Storms
(1989)
(2011)
(2011)
Ivan
(2004)
Charley
(2004)
Wilma
(2005)
$13.8
Ike
(2008)
Sandy* Northridge9/11 Attack Andrew
(2012)
(1994)
(2001)
(1992)
Katrina
(2005)
12 of the 16 Most Expensive Events in US History
Have Occurred Since 2004
Sources: PCS; Insurance Information Institute inflation adjustments to 2014 dollars using the CPI.
100
US Property CAT Rate on Line Index &
Global Reinsurance ROE
US Property CAT ROL
Global Reinsurance ROE
Record traditional capacity, alternative capital and low CAT activity have
pressured reinsurance prices; ROEs are own only very modestly
Source: Barclays PLC from Guy Carpenter; Insurance Information Institute.
102
Insurance Information Institute Online:
www.iii.org
Thank you for your time
and your attention!
Twitter: twitter.com/bob_Hartwig
Download at www.iii.org/presentations
108