Download 12 Sports Trauma

SPORTS TRAUMA
Intro to Sports Med and
Athletic Training
Mechanisms and Characteristics
of Sports Trauma
Mechanical Forces:
– Compression
– Tension
– Shear
– Torsion
Compression force
The application of a compression force to an
object causes it to become squashed or
compacted
Tension force
The act or process of stretching something
tight.
A force tending to stretch or elongate
something.
Shearing forces
an applied force or pressure exerted
against the surface and layers of the skin
as tissues slide in opposite but parallel
planes.
Torsion
a type of mechanical stress, whereby the
external forces twist an object about its
axis
Wound Classification
Friction Blisters – continuous rubbing over the
surface of the skin that causes a collection of
fluid below or within the epidermal layer
Abrasions – skin is scraped against a
rough surface. The epidermis and dermis
are worn away, exposing numerous blood
capillaries.
Skin Bruise – when a blow compresses or
crushes the skin surface and produces
bleeding under the skin.
Wound Classification (cont…)
Laceration – wound in which the flesh has
been irregularly torn.
Wound Classification (cont…)
Skin Avulsion – skin torn by the same
mechanism as a laceration to the extent
that tissue (or bone) is completely ripped
from its source.
Avulsion of
A tendon from it’s
Origin or Insertion
Wound Classification (cont…)
Incision – wound that skin has been
sharply cut.
Wound Classification (cont…)
Puncture – wound caused by object
penetration the skin.
Muscle Injury Classification
Acute Muscle Injuries
– Contusions
– Strains (Injury to muscle or tendons – CT that
connects muscle to bone)
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Contusions
Muscle Strains
MIC (cont…)
Muscle Cramps – Painful, involuntary muscle contractions
Muscle Spasms – Short duration cramps
Overexertion Muscle Problems
– Acute-onset muscle soreness
– Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
– Muscle stiffness
– Muscle cramps
MIC (cont…)
Chronic Muscle Injuries
– Myositis: inflammation of your skeletal muscles, which are also
called the voluntary muscles.
– Fascitis: refers to an inflammation of the fascia
– Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon
– Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of a tendon sheath
– Bursitis: Inflammation of one or more bursae
– Ectopic classification:
Myositis ossificans:
Accumulation of mineral deposits in
muscle tissue
Calcific tendinitis:
tendon
Accumulation of mineral deposits in a
MIC (cont…)
Acute Joint Injuries
– Sprains (Injury to ligaments - CT that
connects bone-bone)
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
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MIC (cont…)
- Synovitis
- Dislocations
Subluxations
Luxations
MIC (cont…)
Chronic Joint Injuries
– Osteochrondritis
– Arthritis
– Bursitis, capsulitis, and synovitis
Other Trauma
Skeletal Trauma – fractures
Nerve Trauma – “stingers/burners”
Fractures
Fracture: A disruption in the continuity of
a bone.
Types of Fractures
Simple (closed): Bone breaks cleanly, but
does not break through skin.
Types of Fractures
Compound (Open): Bone ends penetrate
through soft tissue and skin.
Types of Fractures
Depressed: Occurs more frequently on
flat bones when the broken bone portion is
driven inward.
Types of Fractures
Stress fractures: Fracture resulting from
repeated loading with relatively lower
magnitude forces.
Types of Fractures
Growth Plate Fractures (Salter-Harris):
– Fractures at the “physis”, or areas of the
growing bone that has not yet calcified.