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Human Body in Health and Disease Honors Learning Objectives Explain methods through which microorganisms can be transmitted from person to person List four types of organisms studied in microbiology and give characteristics of each List some diseases caused by each type of microorganism Define normal flora and explain the value of normal flora Describe the three types of bacteria according to shape Infectious Disease _______________________– tiny living things that may cause disease in humans Microorganism would be considered the _______________________and the human would be the _______________________ _______________________– term for microorganisms that cause disease. Any disease causing organism is a pathogen. Infectious Disease _______________________– adverse effects on the body as caused by the pathogen ________________________________________ – relatively small, constricted to a certain area ______________________________________________– whole body is affected ______________________________________________– takes place when the host has been compromised already by disease Microbiology _______________________– the study of microscopic organisms Includes the study of: B V F P A _______________________– Populations of microorganisms that normally grow and live on our bodies An Introduction to Bacteria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCn92mbWxd4 Bacteria _______________________, single-celled organisms that grow in a wide variety of _______________________ Genetic material not enclosed in a _______________________ Types of bacteria _______________________– can grow in the absence of oxygen _______________________– require oxygen to grow _______________________– use oxygen if it is present but are able to grow without oxygen if it is not available, ex. E. coli Bacterial Characteristics _______________________– resistant forms of bacteria that can tolerate long periods of dryness or other adverse conditions _______________________– threadlike “tails” that aid in movement _______________________– short flagella-like structures that help bacteria glide along surfaces _______________________– poisons that can cause harm to other organisms Bacterial Shapes Cocci – Bacterial Shapes Bacilli – Bacterial Shapes Vibrios – Bacterial Shapes Spirilla – Spirochetes – Bacterial Diseases Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Cocci) Streptococcus pneumoniae (Cocci) Escherichia coli (bacilli) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacilli) Viruses Extremely small infectious agent that can only _______________________within a living cell Much smaller than _______________________ Composed of _______________________core, surrounded by a _______________________coat Classified by type of _______________________they contain How a Virus Invades your Body https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ Viral Diseases Common cold viruses Hepatitis viruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Influenza virus Fungi Microscopic fungal organisms includes _______________________and _______________________ The study of fungi is called _______________________ _______________________– single-celled forms of fungi _______________________– filamentous forms of fungi Fungal Pathogens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrb-_4NHJiY Fungal Diseases Actinomycosis Candidiasis Histoplasmosis Ringworm Protozoa Single-celled _______________________ _______________________– an irregular mass of cytoplasm that propels itself by extending part of its cell _______________________– covered with tiny hairs called cilia _______________________– possess long, whiplike filamentous flagella _______________________– obligate parasites, unable to grow outside of hosts Protozoan Diseases Entamoeba histolytica Balantidium coli Trypanosoma Toxoplasma gondii Monster Inside Me -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqjMYEfViKA