Download 2) China and Japan

Early China Map
Chinese Civilization
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1570 – 1045 BCE – Shang Dynasty
Shang kings were political and religious heads of society
Writing system of the Shang Dynasty is the ancestor of
modern Chinese
1045 – 256 BCE – Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou kings sacrificed to their ancestors (ancestor
worship), also sacrificed to Heaven (Tian)
The Mandate of Heaven (Tian Ming):
(A) Close relationship between Heaven, king
(B) King called the Son of Heaven
(C) Heaven gives king mandate to rule, in best interest
of subjects
(D) Last Shang king decadent, cruel to subjects so he
lost the Mandate of Heaven and the Zhou deserved
to replace them
Chinese Civilization
Early Literature
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Shu jing (Book of History) is the earliest
transmitted text - it praises first three
Zhou rulers
The Shi jing (Book of Poetry) consisted of
305 poems include odes celebrating
exploits of early Zhou rulers and Hymns
for sacrificial ceremonies, folk songs
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Folk songs - are about ordinary people in
everyday situations
Chinese Civilization
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770 – 403 BCE – Golden Age of Chinese philosophy
604 BCE – Life of Laozi
551 – 479 BCE – Life of Confucius
221 – 206 BCE – Qin Dynasty, first unification of China
221 BCE – Great Wall of China built
210 BCE – Terra cotta warriors placed in Lintong’s tomb
206 BCE - the Han dynasty unifies China again and
develops bureaucracy
200 BCE - Mao-tun unites the Turkic-speaking Huns
(Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu) in Central Asia around Lake Bajkal
and southeastern Mongolia
Chinese Civilization
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176BCE - the Huns attack eastern China
121BCE - China defeats the Huns
106BCE - the Silk Road is inaugurated (a treaty between
Chinese emperor Wu-Ti/Wu Di and Parthian king
Mithridates II)
2 CE - the Han empire has 57 million people, the most
populous country in the world
6 CE - Buddhism is introduced in China
105 CE - Cai Lun/Tsai Luns invents paper
190 CE - the Chinese invent the abacus
Chinese Civilization
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520 CE – Zen Buddhism develops
618 – 907 CE – Tang Dynasty
650 CE – Acupuncture is invented and spreads
1024 CE – First paper money created
1041 CE – Bi Sheng invents the printing press
1234 CE - Mongols led by Ogodai Khagan
conquer northern China
Chinese Religions
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China’s main philosophies/religions
include:
Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism
Yin and Yang
Legalism
Chinese Art
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Fang Ding
12th century BCE
Houjiazhang , China
Shang Dynasty was
famous for its bronze
work
This was used to store
food and wine for
ceremonies
Animal motifs are central
Chinese Art
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Bronze Bells
433 BCE
Wuhan, China
Zhou Dynasty – each bell is capable of producing 2
distinct notes / Bronze casts
Chinese Art
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Terra Cotta Warriors
210 BCE
Lintong, China
Buried in the tomb of the
1st Qin emperor Qin Shi
Huang Di
Life sized figures were
meant to serve and
protect the emperor in
the afterlife
Army of Emperor Shi Huangdi
Shaanxi Province, China
210 B.C.E.
painted terracotta
Army of Emperor Shi Huangdi
Shaanxi Province, China
210 B.C.E.
painted terracotta
Army of Emperor Shi Huangdi
Shaanxi Province, China
210 B.C.E.
painted terracotta
Chinese Art
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Colossal Buddha
460 – 470 CE
Yungang, China
Buddhism spread in
importance as internal
strife increased in China
during the 5th – 6th
centuries
Carved directly into the
rock – heavily influenced
by Indian art
Vairocana Buddha, Longmen Caves
Luoyang, China
ca. 670-680 C.E.
central figure 50 feet high
Vairocana Buddha, Longmen Caves
Luoyang, China
ca. 670-680 C.E.
50 feet high
Chinese. Great Wild Goose Pagoda at Ci’en Temple,
Xi’an, Shanxi, China. Tang dynasty, first erected ca. 645
CE.
Horse
8th to 9th century C.E.
20 in. high
glazed earthenware
Chinese Art
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The Poet Li Bai Walking
and Chanting a Poem
1200 CE
China
Artist: Liang Kai
Song Dynastic period
Contrast of blurred lines
of robe with details of
face – reflects a Zen style
of art
Chinese Art
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Early Spring
1072 CE
Taipei, Taiwan
Artist: Guo Xi
Song Dynasty Era
3 forms of perspective
are found in this work:
(1) height – up the
mountain; (2) depth –
down into the valleys;
and (3) level – looking
across the marshes
Chinese Art
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Celadon Ware
1127 – 1279 CE
China
Song Dynasty Era
Celadon ware is known
by its green color and
blends the parts of vases
The most highly regarded
Chinese ceramics are
from the Song Dynasty
Song ceramic ware aims
at being simplistic and
elegant
Chinese Art
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Searching for the Past
1641 – 1704 CE
China
Artist: Shitao (aka Daoji)
Qing Dynasty Era
Ink on paper
Use of wet brush
technique allows for the
ink and colors to merge
and blur
Chinese Art
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Forbidden City
Begun 1402
Beijing, China
Foreigners were
forbidden to enter into
the imperial complex
Built on a grid pattern all
buildings facing south
Forbidden City
Foguang Si Pagoda
Yingxian, China
1056 C.E.
Foguang Si Pagoda
Yingxian, China
1056 C.E.
Chinese Erotic Art
Japan Map
Japanese Civilization
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10,000 - 300 BCE - Prehistoric period of tribal/clan
organization Stone Age hunters and gatherers who make jomon
(rope-patterned) pottery inhabit Japan
660 BCE - Mythological Jimmu (Divine Warrior),
descendant of sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, founds
first Japanese empire
300 BCE – 300CE – Yayoi Perido - Rice cultivation,
metalworking, and the potter's wheel are introduced
from China and Korea
100-300 CE - Local clans form small political units
Japanese Religion - Shintoism
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The most significant influences that arrived from Korea
and China in Japan were in the realm of religion
Most important of all was the arrival of Buddhism
However the Japanese did have an indigenous religion,
called Shinto
Shinto started out as a nature worship religion and
evolved into a state religion of patriotic appreciation to
the Japanese land itself
Shintoism also would include animism and ancestor
worship
Shinto rituals could be performed in homes as well as in
temples – allowing it to become a more personal religion
To an extent, the development of Shintoism was a
reaction against foreign influence, especially that of
China.
Japanese Religion - Shintoism
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In the 7th-8th centuries, the Japanese wrote
down their native myths and legends in a
collection called Kojiki (Chronicles of Ancient
Events)
In it are the creation myths and foundation of
the Shinto religion
Shinto gods are called kami
Izanagi and Izanami were the first gods from
whom all other gods descended
The most important of whom is Ameterasu, the
sun goddess, who is considered the ancestor of
all Japanese emperors
Japanese Art
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Jomon Earthenware Pot
2000 BCE
Japan
Use of geometric patterns
to create various
impressions
Called Jomon (rope)
because the patterns are
rope-like in appearance
Japanese Art
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Haniwa Figures
5th – 4th centuries BCE
Japan
These figures were
placed on the tops of
graves
Each one representing
the deceased below or
his/her interests
Japanese Art
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Horyu-ji Kondo
670 CE
Nara, Japan
Oldest wooden temple in
Japan
Japanese favored lateral
over linear movement
and building are lined up
left to right rather than
one in front of the other
Horyu-ji kondo
Nara, Japan
ca. 680 C.E.
Horyu-ji
Fujiwara Japan. Todaiji Temple, Nara, Japan. Built 752,
reconstructed, 1709.
Phoenix Hall
Byodoin, Uji, Japan
1053 C.E.
Japanese Art
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Shaka Triad
623 CE
Nara, Japan
Artist: Tori Busshi
Asuka Period
The Buddha is flanked by
2 bodhisattvas sitting on
a throne
Buddha’s name in Japan
is Shakyamuni
Japanese Art
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Tale of the Genji –Azumaya Chapter
12th century CE
Nagoya, Japan
Heian Hand scroll
Emphasis on placement of figures, costumes and design
Japanese Art
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Shokintei
1660s
Kyoto, Japan
In the Katsura Palace
Gardens
Named after the sound of
the wind in the pines that
surround it
This is a typical Japanese
tea ceremony pavilion
Nature is a key part of
Japanese aesthetics
Japanese Art
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Winter Landscape
1470s
Tokyo, Japan
Artist: Sesshu
Ashikaga Period
Harshness of pictorial
style is characteristic of
Sesshu’s work
Suggests the cold bitter
mood of winter
Japanese Art
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Daruma Meditating
1760
Japan
Artist: Hakuin Ekaku
Attempt to capture
the intensity of
meditation
Japanese Art
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Painting the Lips
1794 – 1795 CE
Tokyo, Japan
Artist: Utamaro Kitagawa
A wood block print meant
for mass production
Since she has eyebrows
she is an unmarried
woman – most likely a
courtesan
Japanese Art
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The Great Wave off
Kanagawa
1831
Tokyo, Japan
Artist: Hokusai Katsushika
Also a wood block print
for reproduction
Depicts the power of
nature, Mount Fuji can be
seen in the distance – the
symbol of Japan’s
stability
Japanese Art
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Temple of the Golden
Pavilion
1397
Kyoto, Japan
Muromachi Period
Built as a retreat for the
shogun Yoshimitsu and
converted into a temple
after his retirement
Named because parts of
temple are covered with
gold leaf
Japanese Art
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Himeji Castle
1581 – 1609
Hyogo, Japan
Living spaces and
fortifications are
combined into one space
Made of strong masonry
made necessary by the
introduction of firearms
and cannons
Japanese Art
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Garden of the Daisen-in
Monastery
16th century
Kyoto, Japan
Artist: Kagaku Soku
Used as a place of meditation
and assembly of Zen priests
Vertical rocks represent cliffs,
horizontal stones represent
embankments and bridges and
trees in the back represent
mountains
Japanese Erotic Art
The end ….
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