Download by fishmeal or fish silage - FTP-UNU - UNU-FTP

Waste Management
Waste management
Quality and safety issues in fish handling
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A course in quality and safety management in
fishery harbours in Sri Lanka
NARA, DFAR, ICEIDA and UNU-FTP
Department of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (DFAR)
National Aquatic Resources Research
and Development Agency (NARA)
United Nations University Fisheries
Training Programme (UNU-FTP)
Icelandic International
Development Agency (ICEIDA)
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Iceland
Iceland
Content
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•
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Typical waste types
Waste streams
Pollutants and contaminants
Waste minimization and treatment
Pest control
Learning objectives
After this lecture the participants will be familiar
with:
• typical waste streams and their origin
• waste management in general and some specific
suggestions for the harbours
• how to implement effective pest control
Typical waste types at harbour
• Fish offal and blood
water
Video fish offal on floor and
fishwaste
Video pumping from hold
Oil & Grease
Diesel, kerosene
burning oil and oil spill
Video waste oil and fish
Oil spill - general images
Toxic solid waste
Open dump asbestos
• Non toxic solid waste
Polythene, Regiform particles, Nets, water
, bottles, used cans, food packing item,
food particles..
Sewage and grey waste
Sewage is produced by human
activities at the harbour and
boats which typically contains
washing water, laundry waste,
faeces, urine and other liquid or
semi-liquid wastes. It is one
form of wastewater.
• Dredging spoils
Typical waste streams
Pollutants and contaminants
Microbiological
Chemical
Oil pollution
Microbiological contaminants
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•
•
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Coliform bacteria
Feacal coliforms
E.coli
Salmonella
Microbiological quality of water measured by NARA in
Beruwala harbour basin
Parameter
Sample
Location
APC
(cfu/ml)
Coliforms
(MPN/ml)
Faecal
coliforms
(MPN/ml)
E. coli
(MPN/ml)
Salmonella
Vibrio
cholera
1
5.8*104
1800+
1800+
1800+
Positive
ND
2
6.0*103
1800+
1800+
225
Positive
ND
3
3.0*102
130
130
25
ND
ND
4
3.8*103
1600
550
350
Positive
ND
5
4.2*103
1800+
1800+
1600
Positive
ND
6
4.2*103
1800+
1800+
1600
Positive
ND
Chemical pollutants
Heavy metals
Pesticide residues
Residues of cleaning
and disinfectant agents
Metal
Toxicity To
Human
Fish
As
Very-High
Very-High
Cd
Medium
Medium
Pb
High
Medium
Hg
High
High
Waste minimization process and
treatment
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•
• Waste reduction
•
- Proper handling of fish
• Re-use
• - Burn oil (engine oil) used for other purpose
• Recycling
• - Plastic bags and paper used for recycling
Waste Collection -
Waste Containers
Outer container with cover
Metal \ Plastic Container with lid
Metal barrel
Burn oil barrels
Oily waste and oil spills
• Oil pollution occurs in harbour basins when
• leaks from shore facilities for the supply of diesel
fuel to fishing vessels find their way into the
harbour water
• when vessels pump out oily bilge water in port
• when used engine oil is dumped overboard
• when an accident results in leakage of fuel oil.
Oily waste and oil spills, cont.
• To mitigate oil pollution, the fishery harbour
manager should take necessary action to:
• Provide shore-based reception facilities for oily
wastes (bilge water and spent oil) from vessels and
• Minimise leaks while bunkering
Waste disposal
Dumping outside the harbour basin
Video – waste management
Collection by the municipal council
Fish offal ( by fishmeal or fish silage)
Solid fish waste is inevitable in a fishery harbour.
This may consist of :
•
discarded by catch (small fish of no commercial value)
•
viscera from the gutting of medium to large fish
•
fish heads and trimmings from the cutting of large fish.
Besides the health implications of this material decomposing
within the harbour area, it also attracts pests, flies and
domestic animals.
Fishmeal
Is a valuable source of protein for livestock and contains
useful quantities of nutrients, vitamins and minerals.
Raw material for fish meal production:
1. should be reasonably fresh as spoilt fish may reduce
the nutritional value of the fish meal
2. certain tropical fish (like puffer fish) contain toxins
and should be excluded
3. must not be collected off the ground (free of sand
and mud)
Fish silage
As an alternative use of fish waste and offal, fish silage for
animal feed is another possibility.
Main advantage :
1. low energy and capital cost. Energy is required only to grind
the fish and mix it with formic acid (2 - 3 %)
2. manufacture is not accompanied by an unpleasant odour
Waste water treatment
• Good drainage system for waste water
• Natural purification:
Sedimentation
Filtration
Purification before release
• Septic tanks
Pest control – current
• So many dogs and crows are on the piers and in the
auction halls
• There is food for pests (Fish offal on the floor)
• No fence around the harbour premises
•
• No pest control system
Video – dog in auction hall
Video – crows
Video – Fish offal on floor
Pest control – improvement
• All food (fish waste) should be put in waste bins and
not on the floor
• Fences around the harbour premises must be properly
maintained
• A pest control program should be in effect and
properly implemented
Pest control program
• Pests such as rats, mice, birds, insects, dogs and cats, should
be kept off the harbour premises at all times.
•
All insecticides and fumigants should be used:
- In accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations and government regulations
-In a manner that does not risk contamination of
product
References
• Report of the expert consultation on cleaner fishery
harbours and fish quality assurance (2000), Bay Of
Bengal Programme (BOBP), Chennai, India.
• R. Ravikumar, (1993). Guidelines for Cleaner Fishery
Harbours, Bay Of Bengal Programme (BOBP), India.