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Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Date: December 10, 2007
Drill
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Name the 4 types of biological molecules and give examples of each
o Protein:meat
o Carbohydrates:bread
o Lipids-fats, butter, oil Crisco
o Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA
Name the processes necessary to go from DNA to Protein
o DNA(transcription)RNA-(translation)Protein
Name the parts of the scientific method
o Observation
o Ask questions
o Hypothesis
o Experiment
o Analyze Data
o Conclusion
o Peer Review
Name the characteristics of life
o Cells
o DNA
o Grows & Develops
o Reproduce
o Evolve
o Obtain & Use energy & resources
o Respond to environment
o Homeostasis
Animals:
Cell Layers
 Ectoderm-skin and other body coverings
 Mesoderm-skeleton and muscles
 Endoderm-digestive tubes and assistant organs
Body Plans
 Coeom- fluid filled body cavity
o Our organs and blood
 Acoelomate
o No body cavity
o Ex flatworm
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Pseudocoelomate
o Body cavity between and mesoderm
o Ex roundworm
o
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
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o
(Eu) Coelomate
o Have fluid filled coelom
o Have muscle on both sides
o
Earthworm
Radial Symmetry
o Body is arranged like pieces of a pie
o
Bilateral Symmetry
o Can divide equally with a single cut
o
Humans, crabs, and insects
What makes an animal?
 Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 Heterotrophic
 No cell wall
 Take food in to digest
 Have a digestive track
 Diploid
 Distinct development ( Blastula, Gastrula, larva)
Phylum
Porifera
Body
type/Symmetry
Aceolemate
___________
Radial
symmetrial or
asymmetrical
Examples
Characterics
Pictures
sponges
Sessile=don’t move
Porous bodies
Spucules-make up
skeleton of sponge
Filter feders
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Cnideria
Aceolemate
___________
Radial
symmetry
Jelly fish,
Hydra
Sea anemane,
coral
Carnivores
Cnidocytes=
stinging cells
Polyp-sessile form.
Medusa=actual
jellyfish
Platyhelminthes
Aceolemate
Bilateral
Flatworm
Tapeworm
Fluke
Parasitic, scolex,
mouth opening
One digestive tract
opening
Asexual
reproduction
Nerve Cord
Mouth/Anus same
Cross Fertilization
Nematoda
Pseudocelomate
Radial
symmetrial
Roundworms
Hookworms
Trichinella
(pork)
Active hunters
Found in soil
Parasitic
Stylet= needle like
mouth
Exoskeleton
Central ganglion
Nerve cord
Most male/female
parts
Complete digestive
tude Moist skin acts
as “lungs”
Phylum
Body
type/Symmetry
Coelomate
__________
Bilateral or
Radial
Examples
Characterics
Earthworm
Leeches
Sandworms
Segmented
worms
Septa= segments
Hermaphroditichave both sex
organs
Annelidia
Pictures
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Molluska
Coelomate
__________
Bilateral
Snails
Squid
Clams
Scallops
Slugs
Octopus
Almost all have
shells
-nerve chord
-male or female
-complete digestive
system
-Gills/”lungs”
3 parts
foot
head
viseral mass
some have shells
Gastropods_ snails,
slugs
Bivalves-clams, or
oysters
Cephalopodssquid/octopus
Echinodermata
Coelomate
__________
Bilateral
Star fish
Sea urchin
Sea cumber
Sea stars
Exoskeleton
Carnivores
Pentaradial
symemtry-5 arms
symmetry
-male/female
-external
fertilization
-short digestive tract
-mouth not anus
-nerve ring
Arthropoda
Coelomate
__________
Bilateral
Bugs/insects
Shrimp
Spiders
Crabs
Lobsters
Milipeds,
Crayfish
Chordata
Bilateral
-Exoskeleton
First winged
organism
Acarchnids-spiders
Crustaceans- crabs,
lobsters
Uniramia=insects,
largest group
Insecta-Insects
-nerve chord
-several ganglia, big
one in head
-Male & Femaleinternal fertilization
-Aquatic-water-gills
-terrestial-landtrachea/book lung
-spinal chord
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P. Chordata/Bilateral Eucoelomate
 *have a spinal chord encased in a backbone of vertebra
 *Includes Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, amphibian, Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes,
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
C. Agnatha
*Have a nervous system and peripheral nervous system
o Osteichthyes
 Boney Fish
 External
 Fertilization
 Non-waterproof egg
 Many offspring
 Two chambered heart
 Kidneys get rid of nitrogen and salt poison
 Gills (few have lungs)
 Have Operculum to move water over gills
 Jawless fish
 Lamprey, hagfish
 Gills
C. Chondrichthyes
Bilateral/Eucelomate
 2 chambered heart
 No bone
 Skeleton made of cartilage
 Includes rays, skates, and sharks
 Have internal fertilization and give birth to live young
 Smooth skin
 live birth
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C. Osteichthyes
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Bony fish
Central Nerve Chord
Gills
Scales
External eggs
C. Amphibia
Bilateral Eucoelomate
 Ectothermic (cannot control body temperature)
 Live part of their life in the water
 No scales
 Reproduce externally
 Need water to survive
 3 chambered heat
 Kidneys get rid of waste
 Gills as larvae and lungs as adults
 Moist skin helps in gas exchange
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Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
C. Reptilia
 bilateral Eucoelomate
 Ectothermic
 Internal Reproduction
 Scales on skin made of keratin prevent from drying out
 Backbone
 Leathery shell on egg some eggs held inside for some time
 3 chambered heart
 Kidneys to filter wastes
 Born with and Use lungs
 Poikilothermic (cold blooded)- in animals whose body temperature is not internally regulated
 Crocodiles and Alligators
o 4 chambers
o Internal fertilization hard shell
C. Aves (birds)
Bilateral Eucoelomate
 Internal fertilization with hard shelled eggs
 Feathers
 Hard egg
 Well Developed digestive tract including intestines, stomach, plus a crop for grinding
 4 chambered heart
 Hollow bones (for flight)
 Wings appendages
 Beaks
 Homoeothermic (warm blooded)
C. Mammalia
 Bilateral Eucoelomate
 Internal Fertilization
 Make milk
 Gives birth to live young
 Has hair
 Development of young internal except for monotremes (platypus, echidna) and marsupials, (kangaroo, opossum
 Lungs
 4 Chambered heart
 Complete digestive tract including mouth.
P. Porifera
Asymetric/Acelomate
 Sponges
 Sessile (larva plankton)
 Contains Pores through which water can pass
 Skeletal structure of spicules
 Marine
P. Cnideria
Radial/Acelomate
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Sessile (polyp)
Nekton (medusa)
Tentacles extend up or hang down to capture prey
Cnidocytes are stinging cells used to subprey
In hole=out hole
Nerve Net
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
P. Platyhelminthes
Bilateral/Acelomate
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Flat body
Nerve net with ganglia
Hermaphroditic
Aquatic or terrestrial and Parasite
Annelida
Radial/Pseudocelomate and Eucoelomate
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Segmented worms
Polycheta (marine worms)
Oligochaetes (earthworm)
Hirudinia (leeches)
Hydrostatic skeleton –fluids push against the inside of the skin to move the worm
Segments provide organ organization
Mollusca/Bilateral Eucoelomate
 A mouth and through-gut terminating in a anus
 \A protective dorsal shell secreted by fleshy mantle is present in many
 A radula (strap like tongue with chitinous teeth)
 Muscular foot in many Gaseous exchange over lung mantle and body surface
 A nervous system highly developed in some especially the organs of
“Open” blood system
P. Molluska
P. Arthropoda
 Insects, Crustaceans and Spiders
 Nerve cord with ganglia
 Larger ganglia/brain in head
 Sexually different male and females
touch, smell, taste and vision