Download Ch 12 Study Guide

Ch 12 Study Guide
Essay
Describe the water cycle. The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves through the
living and nonliving parts of the environment. It includes the processes of evaporation, condensation,
and precipitation.
What sources of water on Earth are available for human use? Explain why most water cannot be used.
The five categories of water are household purposes, agriculture, industry, transportation, and
recreation. Examples might include: washing, irrigation, product manufacturing, boating, and swimming
respectively.
What is the purpose of drinking-water treatment? Describe a typical treatment process at a water
treatment plant. Drinking water treatment makes the water safe and appealing to drink. The processes
in such treatment include filtration, coagulation, chlorination, aeration, and the possible addition of
fluoride and other chemicals.
Concepts to Know
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A lake that stores water for human use is called a watershed (F; reservoir)
Water quality is a measure of the substances in water besides water molecules (T)
In water treatment, chlorination removes particles from water by getting them to stick to sticky
globs called flocs (F; coagulation)
The amount of calcium and magnesium in water determines the water’s pH (F; hardness)
A tributary is a place where groundwater bubbles or flows to the surface (F; spring)
The water cycle renews the supply of fresh water on Earth (T)
More than 97% of the water on Earth is fresh water (F; saltwater)
Any substance that causes water pollution is called a(n) pollutant
When water is carried into fields in open irrigation ditches, much of it is lost to evaporation
Water cannot pass easily through materials that are impermeable
A wetland in a cool, northern area where mosses grow in acidic water is called a(n) bog
A small, shallow body of water in which sunlight can reach to the bottom is a(n) pond
Most water in the atmosphere is invisible water vapor
Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are forms of precipitation
Using a resource wisely so that it will not be used up is called conservation
Chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria and other organisms
A ridge of land separating one watershed from another is a(n) divide
The process of passing water through screens to remove solid particles is called filtration
The layer of rocks and soil with pores that contain air as well as water is called the unsaturated
zone
The water in an artesian wells rises because of in a(n) aquifer
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A high coliform count is an indicator that the water may contain large numbers of diseasecausing organisms
A habitat is a place where an organism lives
The sun is the source of energy for the water cycle
The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops is
called irrigation