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0350 ch 23-Tab 10/12/04 12:19 PM Page 1 Chapter 23: The Temporomandibular Joint 1 TABLE 23-1 Muscles and Nerves of the Mandible MUSCLE AND NERVE (N) ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION Digastric N: trigeminal and facial Anterior belly: depression on inner side of inferior border of mandible Posterior belly: mastoid notch of the temporal bone Temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia Common tendon to the hyoid bone Mandibular depression and elevation of hyoid (in swallowing) Medial and anterior coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible Elevates mandible to close the mouth and approximates teeth (biting motion); retracts the mandible and participates in lateral grinding motions Elevates the mandible; active in up and down biting motions and occlusion of the teeth in mastication Elevates the mandible to close the mouth; protrudes the mandible (with lateral pterygoid). Unilaterally, the medial and lateral pterygoid rotate the mandible forward and to the opposite side Protracts mandibular condyle and disk of the temporomandibular joint forward while the mandibular head rotates on disk; aids in opening the mouth. Joint action of the medial and lateral pterygoid rotates the mandible forward and to the opposite side Elevates the hyoid bone and tongue for swallowing; depresses the mandible when fixed Assists in depression of the mandible; elevates and protracts the hyoid bone; moves the tongue forward Draws the hyoid bone upward and backward in swallowing; assists in opening the mouth and participates in mastication Temporalis N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Masseter N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Superficial: zygomatic arch and maxillary process Deep portion: zygomatic arch Greater wing of sphenoid and pyramidal process of palatine bone Angle and lower half of lateral ramus Lateral coronoid and superior ramus Medial ramus and angle of mandibular foramen Lateral pterygoid N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Superior: inferior crest of greater wing of sphenoid bones Inferior: lateral surface of pterygoid plate Articular disk, capsule, and condyle Neck of mandible and medial condyle Mylohyoid N: mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal nerve Geniohyoid N: ventral ramus of C1 through hypoglossal nerve Stylohyoid N: facial Medial surface of mandible, entire length Mental spine of mandible Body of the hyoid bone (floor of the mouth) Medial pterygoid N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Styloid process of temporal bone Body of the hyoid bone Body of the hyoid bone Hall & Brody: Therapeutic Exercise: Moving Toward Function, 2nd Edition © 2005, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins