Download FAAST Module 3 - Aviation Human Factors

FAA Inspectors and
FAAST Managers
Training
Federal Aviation
Administration
MODULE 3
Single-Pilot Resource
Management (SRM)
03/17/09
Rev. 1.0
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SL-1-FIFMT-3
Objectives
• Upon completing this lesson:
– You will understand single-pilot resource
management including ADM, RM, AM, TM,
SA, and CFIT avoidance.
– You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane,
pilot, passengers, and programming) and
how to use them to increase or regain SA.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Overview
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Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
Risk Management (RM)
Automation Management (AM)
Task Management (TM)
Situational Awareness (SA)
5Ps
CFIT Avoidance
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Administration
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Single-Pilot Resource
Management (SRM)
• SRM is the art and science of managing
all resources (both on-board the aircraft
and from outside sources) available to a
single pilot (prior and during flight) to
ensure the successful outcome of the
flight is never in doubt.
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SRM
• SRM is the single pilot version of CRM.
– It emphasis judgment and decision-making
rather than teambuilding and synergy.
• SRM includes ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA,
and CFIT avoidance.
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Aeronautical Decision-Making
(ADM)
• ADM is a systematic approach to the
mental process and mental skills used
by pilots to consistently determine the
best course of action in response to a
given set of circumstances.
– It is important to include both the mental
process and mental skills in the definition
and application of ADM.
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ADM (cont.)
• Previously mental skills were overlooked
in flight training.
• Now we know that these mental skills
need and can be taught.
– These mental skills are analysis, synthesis,
and evaluation.
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Poor Decision-Making Skills
• It is not difficult to see that a pilot is not likely
to make good decisions with a poor ability to
analysis a problem or situation.
• Likewise, a pilot is un-likely to make good
decisions with poor abilities to synthesis and
evaluate.
• Analysis, synthesis, and evaluate are the
underlying judgment and decision-making
skills.
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Administration
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Risk Management (RM)
• RM is a decision-making process
designed to systematically identify
hazards, assess the degree of risk, and
determine the best course of action.
• RM checklist can be found at:
– http://www.faa.gov/education_research/tr
aining/fits/guidance/media/personal
minimums checklist.pdf
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Administration
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Automation Management (AM)
• Advanced avionics requires specific
training on how to use the avionics
effectively.
• There is more information available than can
be displayed at one time.
– Information is organized and presented on
pages and/or on groups of pages.
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AM (cont.)
• Pilots must be taught how to use and
must practice using the equipment until
competency.
• Best practices are the subject of
ongoing research.
– The autopilot is needed, if not required, to
effectively use the available information.
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Administration
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Task Management (TM)
• Task management is defined as
prioritizing and selecting the more
appropriate tasks (or series of tasks) to
ensure successful completion of the
flight.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Task Management (TM) (cont.)
• Task management is not a new
concept; however, it has taken on more
importance with the increase in
complexity of the avionics.
– Automation, information, and task
management are closely related, in many
situations, overlap and are often
inseparable.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Situational Awareness (SA)
• Means to be aware of all factors such as
traffic, weather, fuel state, aircraft
mechanical condition, and pilot fatigue
level that may have an impact on the
successful completion of the flight.
• Lack of SA means the pilot will not
make necessary decisions.
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The 5Ps – Practical Application of
SRM
• The 5Ps are a suggested technique for
maintaining or regaining SA.
• The 5Ps are the:
– Plan
– Plane
– Pilot
– Passengers
– Programming
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Plan
• Can be called the mission or the task
• Basic elements
– Cross country planning
• Weather
• Route
• Fuel
• Publications currency
• Etc.
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Plane
• Consists of the usual array of cosmetic
and mechanical issues that every
aircraft pilot, owner, or operator can
identity.
• Now includes:
– database currency,
– automation status, and
– emergency/backup systems
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Administration
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Pilot
• “IMSAFE” checklist is a good starting
point.
• Advanced avionics may lead to:
– exposure to high altitude flying,
– longer distance and endurance, and
– more challenging weather due to longer
distances.
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Passengers
• The single-engine pilot must recognize
the very personal relationship with the
passengers.
– In fact, the passenger is within an arms
reach at all times.
– The passenger’s well being including
health, concerns, etc. will affect the flight
and must be considered.
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Administration
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Can passengers be a resource?
• Pilots and non-pilots?
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Programming
• TAAs add the need to enter and
maintain the navigational equipment.
– This requires attention and competency.
– Can cause task management issues.
• If the advanced avionics equipment is
not programmed, what information is
available and what is un-available?
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Practice Exercise
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Administration
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With a partner:
• List the actions a pilot should take for
each of the 5Ps
– before takeoff
– during the flight
• Develop a plan for when or how often
(decision points) the 5Ps should be
used during the flight.
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Administration
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5P Resource
• Course Developer’s Guide
– http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/trainin
g/fits/training/generic/media/course_devel
opers.pdf
– Top of page 40.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Avoidance of Controlled Flight
into Terrain (CFIT)
• Controlled flight into terrain is a
significant problem in GA.
• The distractions that the advanced
avionics could present must be
considered.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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CFIT Avoidance
• Understand, describe, and apply
techniques to avoid CFIT encounters:
– during
during
– during
during
inadvertent encounters with IMC
VFR flight and
system and physiological incidents
IFR flight.
• Maintain SA by using the 5Ps before
leaving cruise altitude.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Practice Exercise
Federal Aviation
Administration
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With a partner:
• Describe the techniques or actions that
can be used to avoid CFIT.
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Review
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
Risk Management (RM)
Automation Management (AM)
Task Management (TM)
Situational Awareness (SA)
5Ps
CFIT Avoidance
Federal Aviation
Administration
SL-29-FIFMT-3
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Objectives
• Upon completing this lesson:
– You will understand single-pilot resource
management including ADM, RM, AM, TM,
SA, and CFIT avoidance.
– You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane,
pilot, passengers, and programming) and
how to use them to increase or regain SA.
Federal Aviation
Administration
SL-30-FIFMT-3
Downloaded from www.avhf.com
FAA Inspectors and
FAAST Managers
Training
Federal Aviation
Administration
MODULE 3
Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
The End
03/17/09
Rev. 1.0
Downloaded from www.avhf.com
SL-31-FIFMT-3