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UNIT 1 VOCABULARY Microbe: any organism or near life form that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Microorganism: any organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Virus: a particle consisting of DNA encased in a protein coat that must inject its DNA into a living cell in order to reproduce. A microbe that consists of nucleic acid enclosed within a protein shell that requires a living cell in order to reproduce. Scientists consider the virus to be not alive. Capsid: the protein shell that surrounds a virus. Bacteria: unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures; a common term used to describe prokaryotes. Prokaryote: a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelle. Capsule: a surface layer on some bacteria that helps them stick to each other and surfaces. PART 2 Parasite: an organism that derives nourishment or habitat from the tissues or fluids of another organism. A eukaryotic pathogen can be unicellular or multi-cellular. Protist: generally, a single-celled organism with a nucleus and organelles, including amoebas, euglenas, paramecia and volvox. Cilia: a short hair-like appendage used by microorganisms for motion. Eukaryote: either unicellular or multi-cellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles and genetic material within a nucleus. Eyespot: an organelle of the protist euglena that is sensitive to light. Flagellum: a whip-like structure on unicellular organisms that aids with movement. Prokaryote: a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelle. Pseudopod: an extension of the cytoplasm used for movement in some organisms; a means of locomotion for an amoeba which means “false foot.” Paramecium: a protist. Volvox: freshwater algae: freshwater green algae that form communities made up of hollow multicellular spheres. Euglena: unicellular protist that lives in freshwater characterized by a reddish eyespot and a single flagellum Algae: a large and diverse group of primarily aquatic plantlike organisms. Amoeba: an animal-like protest Fungi: kingdom of heterotrophic single-celled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Heterotrophic: cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition. PART 3 Germ Theory of Disease: a theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. Disease: is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. Contagion: an infectious disease that can be transmitted or spread from one organism to another. Pathogen: an infectious thing, such as a virus, bacteria, fungi or parasite, which causes a disease in an organism. Infectious disease: any disease that is caused by a pathogen. Noninfectious disease: a disease that cannot be spread from one organism to another. Carrier: a person with a disease that they can pass on to other organisms. Vector: an animal that carries and transmits a disease. Mutagens: a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism. Carcinogens: any substance, radioactive substance, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer Pandemic: a disease that spread over a whole country or the world Epidemic: a disease that spreads over a wide geographic area. Quarantine: strict isolation, typically to contain the spread of something considered dangerous, often but not always disease. Treatment: Giving or providing medical care Active immunity: protection against a disease acquired by being infected with the pathogen that causes the disease. Amoebic dysentery: a disease that is caused by a parasite. The protist amoeba that is found in contaminated food and water. Antibiotic: a group of medicines used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria that cause disease. Antibody: a chemical substance made by the body to help destroy an invading pathogen. Influenza: an acute, commonly epidemic disease, occurring in several forms, caused by numerous rapidly mutating viral strains and characterized by respiratory symptoms. Polio: an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord. Small pox: is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus: variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Vaccine: any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease, usually employing an innocuous form of the disease agent, as killed or weakened bacteria or viruses, to stimulate antibody production.