* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download TGT- Questions
Survey
Document related concepts
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Plant virus wikipedia , lookup
Virus quantification wikipedia , lookup
Horizontal gene transfer wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to viruses wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Magnetotactic bacteria wikipedia , lookup
History of virology wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Biology- chapter 18 TEST REVIEW Name _________________ Short Answer: Please answer the following questions. 1. Is influenza caused by a bacteria or a virus? virus 2. What are the three types of bacterial shapes that you are responsible for knowing? What does each shape look like? Bacilli (rod), cocci (circle/sphere), Spirochete/Spirilla (spiral) 3. Prokaryotes lack ______________________. Nucleus/ organelles 4. Some bacteria move with the help of a ___________________. Flagellum/cilia 5. Which type of bacteria use sunlight for energy and also need organic compounds for nutrition? photoautotrophs 6. What is the name for asexual reproduction in bacteria? What does it look like? Binary fission (looks like one cell splitting into two cells) 7. This is the term for the sharing of information (DNA) between two different bacteria in the form of a bridge where DNA travels from one organism to the other. Conjugation 8. What is an endospore? What is the evolutionary advantage for the formation of one? It protects the bacteria for a long period of time, it goes on the outside of the bacterium. It allows the bacteria to go dormant in conditions that would otherwise lead to death thus eventually if it becomes active again it can send it’s DNA to the next generation. 9. What is nitrogen fixation? When bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into a form usable by plants. 10. What are pathogens? Disease causing agents. 11. What are the two ways in which bacteria damage organisms? 1) the toxin produced causes the damage 2) the bacterium itself causes the damage to the organism 12. Is strep throat caused by a bacteria or a virus? Bacterium- Streptococcus is the genus and the common illness that it can cause is “Strep throat” 13. What is the name for the compounds that block bacterial reproduction and growth? Antibiotics, antibacterials, antimicrobials 14. What are the two ways in which something can be sterilized? Heat or chemicals 15. What is one argument for why viruses are non-living? They cannot reproduce without a host 16. There are two basic structural features to a virus, what are they? A protein coat and a form of genetic information (DNA or RNA) 17. Who does a bacteriophage infect? Bacteria 18. During a lytic or lysogenic infection does the virus enter the cell, replicate, and then cause the cell to rupture? Lytic causes this immediately 19. How is a retrovirus different from a simple virus? It has RNA as its genetic material 20. How do the methanogens, thermoacidophiles and halophiles differ from each other? How are they similar? They are all archaebacteria. They live in different environments (thermoacidophiles live where it’s hot and acidic, halophiles live where it is salty). 21. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to each other. What structures do the cell types have in common? What structures does one cell type have that the other lacks? Common- cell membrane, genetic information, ribosomes, cytoplasm Different- eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles that a prokaryotic cell lacks 22. What are the three different types of influenza? -DON’T WORRY ABOUT THIS ONE!23. List two ways you prevent antibiotic resistance. 1) take the full dose of antibiotics 2) only use antibiotics as a last resort 24. How are the kingdoms archaebacteria and eubacteria different from each other? How are they similar? Different- habitat; eubacteria are found in normal situations, archaebacteria are the “extreme livers” they live in places that you might not think life exists (example a hot springs) Same- both prokaryotes 25. What is a retrovirus? How does it differ from a normal virus? It has RNA as its genetic material instead of DNA 26. How do the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle differ in viruses? Lytic acts immediately, lysogenic lays around for awhile 27. What is a bacteriophage and how is it different than normal viruses? It infects bacterial cells 28. Describe the difference between obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and obligate aerobes when it comes to bacteria. Obligate anaerobes live without oxygen, facultative anaerobes live either with or without oxygen (it does not matter to them) and obligate aerobes live only with oxygen 29. Which kingdoms have eukaryotic cell types? Which kingdoms have prokaryotic cell types? Study Guide Chapter 17: Classification 30. Write the scientific name of the American Black Bear and the Cardinal. What makes a good scientific name? Ursus americanus, scientific name includes genus and species 31. Create a graphic organizer to show the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms. 32. List the taxa in order from broadest to most specific. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 33. What is a distinguishing feature of and an example of a bacteria? They are tiny. Example: Staphylococcus aureus 34. Describe the 3 classification systems we talked about: Aristotle, Linneaus, Evolutionary. Aristotle (divided things into plants and animals) Linneaus (came up with the current binomial nomenclature) Evolutionary (using DNA and derived traits) 35. What are the two parts of binomial nomenclature? Genus, species 36. What does a cladogram indicate? When a new trait appeared, lines of evolutionary descent 37. What domain/kingdom do viruses belong? They don’t- this is a trick question- they are not considered living 38. What are some characteristics and examples of Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia? Multicellular, Eukaryotic 39. How do the derived traits and ancestral traits differ on a cladogram? Derived traits only exist in certain members of a cladogram and an ancestral trait exists in all members of a cladogram (all “ancestors” have the trait) For questions 40-42 use the cladogram below. 40. Which of the following describes an ancestral trait? a. present in members of one group of the lines, but not in the common ancestor. b. found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms. 41. Which of the following organisms would be the closest relatives? a. Hagfish and Salamander c. Hagfish and Mouse b. Pigeon and Perch d. Salamander and Lizard 42. Which of the following would be the most distant relatives? a. Hagfish and Salamander b. Pigeon and Perch c. d. Hagfish and Mouse Salamander and Lizard