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(title page)
Do Mushrooms Need The Same
Things As Plants Do To Grow?
ShaKeela Gary
Honors Biochem. Sims 2nd period
(Overview page)
Mushrooms will grow better in fertilized soil and sun
Mushrooms
Soil
How many mushrooms sprout
(Research content)
There are over 180 different kinds of mushrooms. The most common mushroom sold in
stores is called the Agaricus Bisporus (button mushroom, Portobello, etc.). Mushrooms are
actually made up mostly of a below-ground structure, called a mycelium, made up of
filaments called hyphae. This mycelium is the actual "body" of the fungus. Mushrooms are
neither plant nor animal and they do not have the chlorophyll that a plant needs to create
its own food.
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(Classification)
Kingdom
Division
Subdivision
Class
Order
Agaricales
Hymenomycetes»
Aphyllophorales
Tramellales
Hymenogastrales
Lycoperdales
Basidiomycotina»
Nidulariales
Gasteromycetes»
Phallales
Podaxales
Tulostomatales
Helotiales
Fungi» Eumycota»
Discomycetes »
Pezizales
Tuberales
Ascomycotina
»
Cordyceps
Hypomyces
Pyrenomycetes »
Podostroma
Xylaria & Daldinia
(Cell type, organization and body plan)
Mushrooms are multicellular eukaryotes because they have no nucleus. The tissue that creates
the spores of mushrooms is called the hymenium. Mushrooms don’t have organs per say when I
looked it up they referred to the mushroom itself as the fruiting body which is sort of an organ.
Mushrooms are made up of a cap, gills, and a stem. The cap can be shaped differently depending
on the species or the growth. It can be conical, flat or even spherical. The cap can also be
smooth, hairy or carry a scab. The gills are the many skin layers under the cap of the mushroom.
Some mushrooms have pores whichever it may be this is where the spores of the mushrooms are
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produced. Some mushrooms do not have a stem. On the stem (of some mushrooms) is called a
veil which protects the gills when they are young. As the stem grows the veil breaks creating a
skirt at the top of them stem and a cup at the bottom of the stem.
(Types of metabolism)
Mushrooms do not photosynthesis or respire. Most mushrooms are saprophytes which mean they
obtain their nutrition from metabolizing from non-living, organic matter. So they break down
and eat dead plants.
(Reproduction)
Mushrooms have both sexual and asexual methods to reproduce. The sexual part happens above
ground when the male and female cells fuse to create spores inside the fruiting body in which
they are dispersed throughout the environment. The asexual part happens when a new fungus
grows straight out of the parent this is called vegetative growth. They also reproduce asexually
when the spores grow on things basically making copies of themselves.
(Evolutionary information)
Gills
Pores
Eugarics
Clade
Bolete
Clade
Russuloid
Clade
Thelepho
roid
Clade
Polyporo
id Clade
Hymenoch
aetoid
Clade
Cantharel
loid Clade
Gomphoid
- Phalloid
Clade
Agaricus
[1]
Amanita
[1]
Clitocybe
[1]
Cortinarius
[1]
Pleurotus[1
]
Stropharia
[1]
Tricholoma
[1]
Chroogom
phus [1]
Gomphidi
us [1]
Paxillus
[1]
Phylloporu
s [1][2] [3]
Tapinella
[1]
Lactarius
[1]
Lentinellu
s [1] [2]
Russula
[1]
Horakia
[1]
Lenzitops
is
Lentinus
[1]
Lenzites
[1]
Panus [1]
Rickenella
[1]
Cantharell
us [1]
Gloeocantha
rellus [1]
Dictyopanu
s [1]
Fistulina
[1] [2]
Favolaschi
a [1] [2]
[3]
Poromycen
a [1]
Boletus [1]
Gyrodon
[1] [2] [3]
Leccinum
[1]
Strobilomy
ces [1]
Suillus [1]
Tylopilus
[1]
Boletopsi
s [1]
Fomitops
is [1]
Ganoder
ma [1]
Laetiporu
s [1]
Phaeolus
[1]
Polyporu
s [1]
Tyromyc
es [1]
Coltricia [1]
[2]
Inonotus [1]
Phellinus
[1]
Albatrellu
s [1]
Bondarze
wia [1]
Heterobas
idion [1]
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Teeth
Deflexula
[1]
Coralloid
Clavaria
[1]
Clavulinop
sis [1]
Macrotyph
ula [1]
Physalacria
[1]
Chantere
lloid
Cantharellu
la [1]
Hydnomer
ulius [1]
Auriscalpi
um [1]
Hericium
[1]
Bankera
[1]
Hydnellu
m [1]
Phellodon
[1]
Sarcodon
[1]
Climacod
on [1] [2]
[3] [4]
Irpex [1]
[2]
Hydnochaet
e [1]
Hydnum
[1]
Sistotrema
[1]
Beenakia
[1] [2]
Artomyce
s [1]
Scytinopo
gon [1]
Sparassis
[1]
Alloclavaria
[1]
Clavulina
[1]
Multiclavu
la [1]
Ramaria [1]
[2]
Clavariadelp
hus [1]
Polyozell
us [1]
Faerberia
[1] [2]
[3] [4]
Cotylidia
[1]
Craterellus
[1]
Gomphus
[1]
Thelepho
ra [1]
Tomentel
la [1]
Phlebia
[1]
Pulcherri
cium [1]
[2]
Hymenocha
ete [1]
Botryobasi
dium [1]
[2]
Sistotrema
[1]
Tulasnella
[1]
Kavinia [1]
Hygrophor
opsis [1]
Parchme
nt
Crust
Chondroste
reum [1]
Coniophor
a [1]
Serpula [1]
Gasteroi
d
Secotioid
Bovista [1]
Calvatia
[1]
Crucibulu
m [1]
Cyathus
[1]
Lycoperdo
n [1]
Nivatogastr
ium [1]
Astraeus
[1]
Calostoma
[1] [2]
Melanogas
ter [1] [2]
Pisolithus
[1]
Rhizopogo
n [1]
Scleroder
ma [1]
Stereum
[1]
Gautieria
[1]
Geastrum
[1]
Hysterangiu
m [1] [2]
Mutinus [1]
[2]
Phallus [1]
[2]
Sphaerobolu
s [1]
Arcangeli
ella [1]
Gymnomy
ces [1]
Macowani
tes [1]
Zelleromy
ces [1]
This chart excludes the rust and smut fungi and the traditional gasteromycete. Divided are all the
basidiomycetes into 6 major groups based on the shape of the fruiting body (sporocarp) in the
field. These shapes include mushrooms containing (1) gills, (2) pores, (3) teeth, (4) vase,
parchment or crustlike fruiting bodies, (5) coral-like fungi, and (6) tremelloid or jelly-like
mushrooms.
(Interdependence)
Mushrooms are decomposers they are placed at the bottom of the food chain. They feed off dead
plants and organisms. They are members of a separate trophic level than other organisms of the
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food chain because they are decomposers. Some mushrooms have a symbiotic relationship with
other plants such as a tree giving up some of its glucose to the mushroom and the mushroom
giving the tree some its minerals.
(Homeostasis)
The Agaricus Bisporus mushroom grows naturally in grasslands, fields and meadows in North
America and Europe or basically anywhere where it can find nutrients to grow. Grasslands and
meadows mostly contain grass and trees. Animals may be birds, coyotes, bobcats, wolfs,
crickets, and beetles.
(Independent variable)
My independent variable is the soil that I will use to plant the mushrooms. I will use unfertilized
soil and fertilized soil. I plan on using ordinary plant fertilizer made from fish emulsion and
regular soil from my mom’s garden in my backyard. When I researched this, a student used
ordinary plant fertilizer made from fish emulsion and cow manure for her science project and the
mushrooms planted in the ordinary plant fertilizer grew the best.
(Dependent variable)
My dependent variable will be how many mushrooms sprout or how big one mushroom gets
versus the other. I will measure the variable with a ruler in centimeters.
(Research connection)
Based on the information that I have found I think that the ordinary plant fertilizer made from
fish emulsion will make the mushrooms grow the best. My answer to my inquiry question will be
no mushrooms don’t need everything that plants need to grow because they are not plants.
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