* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Unit 11 Vocabulary
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems wikipedia , lookup
Spitzer Space Telescope wikipedia , lookup
Extraterrestrial life wikipedia , lookup
Dyson sphere wikipedia , lookup
Canis Minor wikipedia , lookup
Aries (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Auriga (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Corona Borealis wikipedia , lookup
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
Star of Bethlehem wikipedia , lookup
Corona Australis wikipedia , lookup
Observational astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Cassiopeia (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Cosmic distance ladder wikipedia , lookup
Planetary habitability wikipedia , lookup
Type II supernova wikipedia , lookup
Canis Major wikipedia , lookup
Stellar classification wikipedia , lookup
Star catalogue wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Cygnus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Perseus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Stellar kinematics wikipedia , lookup
Corvus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Stellar evolution wikipedia , lookup
Unit 11 Vocabulary 1. universe - the Universe is all of time and space and its contents. The universe includes planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy. 2. star – a large sphere of hydrogen gas, held together by gravity, that is hot enough for nuclear reactions to occur at its core. Our Sun is the closest star to Earth. The Sun 3. protostar - a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. This is the earliest phase in the process of a star’s evolution. 4. main sequence star - stars that are fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. Most of the stars in the universe are main sequence stars – they are the stars that “twinkle.” 5. red giant star - a star that has exhausted the primary supply of hydrogen fuel, and is in the last stage of its life. 6. red supergiant star - the largest stars in the universe in terms of volume, although they are not the most massive. Betelgeuse and Antares are the brightest and best known red supergiants. 7. white dwarf star – this is what stars like the Sun become after they have exhausted their nuclear fuel. A white dwarf is very dense, and is about the size of Earth. Extra Credit if you can name the seven dwarfs. Write their names in your notes. No, none of them are real stars like a white dwarf, they are only Disney stars! 8. neutron star - Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist in the Universe. They can form from the gravitational collapse of a massive star after a supernova. 9. black dwarf star - A black dwarf is created when a white dwarf star becomes too cool and can no longer create large amounts of heat and light. The star will dim and become black. We can’t confirm that Black dwarfs exist. 10. black hole - a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can’t get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. 11. Nebula - a cloud of gas and dust in space. Some nebulae are regions where new stars are being formed, while others are the remains of dead or dying stars. 12. stellar nebula - a cloud of superheated gases and other elements formed by the explosive death of a massive star. This is where stars are made. 13. planetary nebula - form when a main sequence star grows into a red giant and throws off its outer layers and the core collapses DRAW this flow cart in your notes: 14. elliptical galaxy – these galaxies are elliptical shaped, and have billions of stars, but little gas and dust between the stars. Most of its stars are older stars. 15. spiral galaxy - consist of a flat, rotating disk with stars, gas, and dust and a central concentration of stars, known as the bulge. They contain middle-aged stars. 16. irregular galaxy – galaxies that have no regular shape. They contain young stars. 17. barred-spiral galaxy - a spiral galaxy with a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars. Our Milky Way Galaxy is this type. 18. luminosity – a star’s brightness 19. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram – a tool that plots each star on a graph measuring the star's brightness against its temperature (color). 20. absolute magnitude – the brightness of a star as if it were 32.6 light years from Earth 21. apparent magnitude – the brightness of a star as seen from Earth