Download THE BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE FORMATS: There

THE BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE FORMATS: There are five basic sentence
formats.
SENTENCE
FORMATS
S+V
S+V+C
DESCRIPTION:
An English
sentence has a
subject and a
verb.
Subject + Verb
+ Complement
NOTES:
S+V
Jack woke up.
S+S+V
John and Jack met.
S+V+V
Jack woke up and left.
S+V+C (prep phrase)
Jack is in the park.
The complement is “in the park”. It is a prepositional
phrase and it tells us “where Jack is”. It completes the
idea of “Jack is ~”.
A complement
“completes”
your idea.
There are many S+V+C (adverb)
kinds of
“complements”
- prep phrase
- adverb
- adjective
- noun
S+V+C (adjective)
& noun objects
John lives here.
The complement is “here”. It is an adverb and it tells us
“where John lives”. It completes the idea of “John lives
~”.
Jack is funny.
The complement is “funny”. It is an adjective and it
describes Jack. It completes the idea of “John is ~”.
S+V+C (noun)
John is a teacher.
The complement is “a teacher”. It is a noun and it tells
us “who John is”. It completes the idea of “John is ~”. It
renames “John”-the subject.
THE BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE FORMATS: continue...
SENTENCE
FORMATS
DESCRIPTION:
NOTES:
A noun object is a kind of complement.
John bought a present.
S+V+O
S+V+DO+IO
An object is affected by the verb. In this case, the verb
“bought” requires more information---bought WHAT?--This is a direct object. A direct object is directly related
to the action of the verb.
There are two kinds of objects:
John gave a toy to Jack.
a direct object (DO)
and an indirect object (IO).
In this sentence, the (DO) is “a toy”.
John gave WHAT = a toy
Notice: The (IO) is connected to the
sentence by a preposition (to).
S+V+IO+DO
Sometimes you can move the (DO) and
the (IO).
The (IO) is the noun that receives the (DO) (a toy).
Jack is the (IO). Jack receives “a toy”.
John bought Jack a toy.
Notice: The (DO) is NOT connected to
the sentence by a preposition.
NOTE:
These are examples of “SIMPLE SENTENCES”
because each one has at least one SUBJECT + PREDICATE.
SIMPLE SENTENCES are INDEPENDENT CLAUSES.
ACADEMIC SENTENCE TYPES
There are four academic sentence types:
simple, compound, complex, & compound complex
SENTENCE
TYPE:
SIMPLE
DESCRIPTION:
A simple sentence
contains one
independent clause.
(S+V) = (IC)
COMPOUND
A compound sentence
contains two
independent clauses
that are connected by a
conjunction.
NOTES:
S+V
S+S+V
S+V+V
S+V+C (prep phrase)
S+V+C (adverb)
S+V+C (noun)
S+V+O
Jack woke up.
John and Jack met.
Jack woke up and left.
Jack is in the park.
John lives here.
John is a teacher.
John bought a present.
[S+V] ,+CONJ+ [S+V] .
(IC) , +CONJ+ (IC) .
Jack woke up late, so he ran
to school.
IC , +CONJ+ IC .
COMPLEX
A complex sentence
contains one
independent clause and
one dependent clause.
(ADJ clause)
(ADV clause)
(DC)
Jack, who is a great student,
enjoys grammar.
Although Jack enjoys
grammar, he struggles with
writing.
(IC+DC.) –or- (DC,+IC.)
(NOUN clause)
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
A compound/complex
sentence contains two
independent clauses
and one dependent
clause.
(IC + DC),+CONJ+(IC).
(IC+DC) ,+CONJ+ (IC) .
-or(IC),+CONJ+ (IC + DC) .
Jack thinks that writing is
difficult.
Jack, who is a great student,
enjoys grammar, but he
struggles with writing.
COORDINATION
Define: Coordinating conjunctions connect equal “units” or “parts”.
Paired conjunctions (correlative conjunctions) are always in pairs.
CONNECTOR: DESCRIPTION:
-for
Coordinating
Conjunctions:
-and
FANBOYS
NOTES:
Connects a reason:
Jack is hungry, for he didn’t eat lunch.
Connects similar ideas:
John cleaned the dining room, and Jack cleaned the kitchen.
-nor
Connects two negative sentences:
-but
Connects equal -but- different ideas:
-or
Connects two equal choices:
-yet
Connects equal contrasting ideas:
-so
Connects a result to a reason:
Jack does not eat cheese, nor does he drink milk.
John likes to eat fish, but he doesn’t like to catch them.
Jack may go to Seattle, or he may stay home for vacation.
Jack is an excellent writer, yet he hates to read.
Jack didn’t eat lunch, so he is hungry.
Paired
“Correlative”
Conjunctions:
not only ~
but also ~
Fish is not only delicious but also healthy to eat.
neither ~
nor ~
Jack can eat neither cheese nor yogurt because he is allergic to milk.
either ~
or ~
both ~
and ~
Jack must take either an umbrella or a raincoat when he goes to
Seattle.
Both John and Jack are good friends of mine.
SUBORDINATION
Define: A “subordinating conjunction” connects a dependent clause to an
independent clause. A subordinating word is used at the beginning of the dependent
clause.
CONNECTOR
DESCRIPTION
NOTES:
Time:
When?
before
after
as soon as
Before I go to bed, I finish my homework,
After I finish my homework, I go to bed.
As soon as I wake up, I drink a cup of coffee.
when
while
since
When I finish my homework, I go to bed.
While I am living in Portland, I am studying at PSU.
I have met many new friends since I moved to Portland.
by the time
By the time I graduated from college, I had already
found a job.
Reason
Why?
because
since
as
I came to Portland because I wanted to study at PSU.
Since I wanted to study at PSU, I came to Portland.
Condition
if
We will not have a BBQ if it rains.
Contrast
although
even though
though
Jack loves soccer although he has never played it.
Direct
Opposite
while
whereas
Jack likes to go out on the weekends, while John likes to
stay home.
ADVERB
CLAUSES