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Coral beauty – not native!! – substitute 4 eye butterfly fish Flame Fish – not native – substitute Damsel Florida Keys Fish ID Marine Science Period 3 Family: Serranidae Etymology: Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw •Lateral line complete and continuous, not reaching onto caudal fin •Operculum bearing 3 spines • Caudal fin usually rounded, truncate, or lunate; rarely forked •Most are protogynous hermaphrodites, •Bottom-dwelling predators that feed on crustaceans and fishes Red Grouper Epinephelus morio Warsaw Grouper uniformly dark brown, with no distinct markings; dorsal fin with 10 spines; second spine very long (much longer than third); caudal fin squared-off; rear nostril larger than front nostril; young have yellow caudal fin with dark saddle on caudal peduncle; some whitish spots on body Epinephelus nigritus Black Grouper Mycteroperca bonaci www.pbase.com/elif/image/30830214 Family Coryphaenidae Dolphinfishes • Slender fishes with compressed head and body. • The single dorsal fin originates on the head and extends over nearly the full length of the body. No spines; • Deeply forked caudal fin. • Forehead steep and high in adult males. Live specimens with exceedingly beautiful colors. Dolphin Coryphaena hippurus Family: Labridae - Wrasses Etymology: Latin, labrum = lip or edge •Most jaw teeth with gaps between them; teeth usually jutting outward •Lateral line interrupted or continuous. •Most species are sand burrowers; carnivores on benthic invertebrates; also planktivores, and some small species remove parasites from larger fishes •Most species change color and sex with growth, from an initial phase of both males and females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus Family: Lutjanidae - Snappers Etymology: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish •Dorsal fin continuous or slightly notched •Pelvic fins originating just behind pectoral base •Mouth terminal, Jaws bearing enlarged canine teeth •Most species are predators of crustaceans and fishes, several are planktivores Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus Mutton Snapper Lutjanus analis Cubera Snapper Lutjanus cyanopterus Family: Carangidae - Jacks Etymology: French, carangue = name of fish given in Caribe •Body generally compressed though some are fusiform •Scales along lateral line often modified into spiny scutes •Large juveniles and adults with 2 dorsal fins •Anterior dorsal fin with 3-9 spines; the second having 1 spine and usually 18-37 soft rays •Widely forked caudal fin •Caudal peduncle slender •Fast swimming predators of the waters above the reef and in the open sea • Some root in sand for invertebrates and fishes Permit Trachinotus falcatus Palometa Trachinotus goodei Rachycentridae - Cobia Family Rachycentron canadum Scorpaenidae- Scorpionfish • • • • • found in all tropical and temperate seas. Body compressed head usually with ridges and spines; Usually 1 dorsal fin, often notched. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines can bear venom gland. • The family contains the world's most venomous fishes, many of them brightly colored. Most species live on or near the bottom and feed on crustaceans or fishes Red Lion Fish Pterois volitans Sphyraenidae - Barracudas • Elongated body. • Large-mouthed with the lower jaw projecting forward bearing strong fanglike teeth. Upper jaw non-protractile, an adaptation to feeding on large prey. • Well-developed lateral line. Position of pectoral fins relatively low. Dorsal fins far apart. Great Barracuda Sphyraena_barracuda Family: Pomacanthidae – Angelfishes Etymology: Greek, Poma- = operculum, acanth- = spine. •Strongly compressed body •Spine on preoperculum •Caudal fin rounded to strongly lunate •Typically diurnal •Several species are protogynous hermaphrodites •Three basic feeding styles: predation on sessile invertebrates, herbivory and planktivory Rock Beauty Holacanthus tricolor Family: Chaetodontidae –Butterfly Fishes Entomology: Greek, Chaet- = bristle, odont- = tooth •Highly compressed body. •Dorsal fin continuous, with 6-16 spines and 15-30 soft rays •Caudal fin with 15 branched rays, usually rounded •Scales extend onto dorsal fins •Mouth small, terminal with a band or rows of small brushlike teeth •Typically diurnal •Many feed on a combination of coral polyps or jellyfish tentacles, small invertebrates, fish eggs, and filamentous algae while others are planktivores •Most species occur as heterosexual pairs Four-Eyed Butterfly Fish Chaetodon capistratus Family Istiophoridae - Billfishes • Premaxilla and nasal bones produced, forming a spear-like bill or rostrum with a rounded cross-section. Bill used for stunning prey fish. • Jaw teeth present. • Two keels on each side of caudal peduncle in adults. • Dorsal fin extending over much of body length; sometimes resembling a sail. Dorsal fin can be depressed into a groove. • Lateral line persists in life. Atlantic Sailfish Istiophorus albicans Xiphiidae - Swordfish Xiphias gladius Megalopidae – Tarpon Family • Fusiform, compressed body. • Mouth terminal, oblique or superior, lower jaw prominent, • Single dorsal fin without spines • Pectorals very low. Megalops atlanticus Tarpon Holocentridae- Squirrelfish Family • Dorsal fin long with 10-13 spines and a notched soft-rayed part with 11-17 rays. • Forked caudal fin; • Large eyes. • Spiny-edged operculum. • Usually reddish in color. • Most are nocturnal. Usually cryptic during the day in crevices or beneath ledges of reefs, along with cardinal fishes, bigeyes, and sweepers. Longspine Squirrelfish Holocentrus rufus Sciaenidae – Drum/Croaker Family • found worldwide, in both fresh and salt water, and are typically benthic carnivores, feeding on crustaceans and smaller fish • long dorsal fin reaching nearly to the tail • mouth is set low and usually ventral • croaking involves the beating of abdominal muscles against the swim bladder Jackknife Fish Equetus lanceolatus Syngnathidae -Pipefishes & seahorses • from Greek, syn meaning fused or together, and gnathus meaning jaws. • elongated snouts, fused jaws, absence of pelvid fins, and thick plates of bony armor covering their bodies • male fertilizes eggs and carries them during incubation – Male seahorses have a specialized ventral pouch to carry the eggs, – male sea dragons attach the eggs to their tails – male pipefish may do either, depending on their species Lined Seahorse Hippocampus erectus Scrawled Cowfish Family Ostraciidae Acanthostracion quadricornis Porcupine Fish – Family Diodontidae Diodon hystrix Family: Pomacentridae – Damsel Fish Etymology: Poma- = opercle, centron = spine, (refers to pointed margin of opercle) •Body usually deep and compressed •Small mouth •Incomplete and interrupted lateral line •Many species are highly territorial herbivores, omnivores, or planktivores. •Lay elliptical demersal eggs that are guarded by the males •Included in this family are the anemonefishes Yellowtail Damsel Microspathodon chrysurus Whale shark – Family Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus