Download Personality-Theories

PERSONALITY THINKQUEST
FOLLOW - UP
Grade 12
BUT WAIT …
What about “Multiple Personality Disorder”?
MULTIPLE PERSONALITIES??

Dissociative identity disorder (known in the past
as multiple personality disorder) is a condition
where an individual develops different
personality states, generally following repeated
physical, sexual or emotional abuse.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

Most of us have experienced some form of
dissociation at some point in our lives. For
example, you may have dissociated or spaced out
during boring situations such as a long, boring
drive, and then not really remember how you got
somewhere. Or you may have experienced
stressful situations where you were numb or
spaced out and can’t really recall what happened.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

However, when a person is faced with
overwhelming stress as may happen with abuse,
dissociation is a normal process that can happen
to deal with the stress. For example, a child who
experiences sexual abuse may ‘space out’ as a
way to protect herself from remembering the
event. When such stress or trauma happens over
and over again, it can lead to dissociative identity
disorder.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

When dissociative identity disorder does occur, it
usually happens when the trauma has occurred
in childhood (e.g. before age 7-9). Young children
are the most vulnerable because they have not
yet had the opportunity to develop a stable sense
of self or personality. People who are easily
hypnotizable (i.e. prone to go into trance) are also
at high risk.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
Although dissociation may be a useful coping
strategy in the beginning to deal with trauma,
dissociation that continues to occur later on in
life can cause problems in day-to-day life, and can
cause severe problems in a person’s school, work
or personal life.
 According to the International Society for the
Study of Dissociation, DID occurs in 1-3% of the
population.

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
Kim Noble
 Judy takes over
 Art Therapy

PERSONALITY THEORIES
Grade 12 Family Studies
PERSONALITY THEORIES
Personality is a combination of traits,
characteristics, capabilities, values, beliefs and
needs possessed by each of us.
 A psychological trait is any aspect of personality
that is reasonably characteristic of an individual.
 A list of traits would be practically endless but
Carl Jung grouped personality traits by two
broad dimensions.

CARL JUNG

Jung proposed the existence of two pairs of
cognitive functions:
The "rational" (judging) functions: thinking and
feeling
 The "irrational" (perceiving) functions: sensing and
intuition


From Jung's original concepts, Briggs and Myers
developed their own theory of psychological type,
described below, on which the MBTI is based.
MYERS / BRIGGS
JUNG MEETS FREUD

Group photo 1909 in
front of Clark
University. Front row:
Sigmund Freud, G.
Stanley Hall, Jung;
back row: Abraham A.
Brill, Ernest Jones,
Sándor Ferenczi.
SIGMUND FREUD
Freud: Id, Ego, Superego
 Freud: Psychosexual Stages
 Freud: Defense Mechanisms
 Freud: Final Summary

FREUDIAN SLIPS
A Freudian slip is an error in speech, memory,
or physical action that is interpreted as occurring
due to the interference of some unconscious wish,
conflict, or train of thought.
 For example: She: 'What would you like -- bread
and butter, or cake?' He: 'Bed and butter...
Whoops!

ANOTHER FRIEND OF FREUD

Alfred Adler was another famous psychologist
and doctor that collaborated with Freud.
ALFRED ADLER

A Bit about Alfred Adler
KURT LEWIN
A few years later a man named Kurt Lewin
published a “dynamic theory of personality”.
 According to Lewin, the self includes:




Personal Self
Social Self
Ideal Self
PERSONAL SELF:

The individual’s perception of self
Attitudes
 Beliefs
 Impressions
 Habits
 Values

SOCIAL SELF

The image the individual wants to project for
people to perceive.

Perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and feelings about
yourself in relation to other people.
IDEAL SELF

The self the individual would like to be

Image you have of what you wish to become.
KURT LEWIN

In order for a person to adjust and be stable, it is
necessary for these three selves to pull together.
The individual can be satisfied with the total self
when the three subselves are nearly identical.
ANOTHER GUY WORTH MENTIONING …
Erik Erikson was particularly interested in the
development of personality and identity.
 He believed everyone went through 8 stages.
 At each stage the individual must deal with a
particular crisis.
 The successful resolution of each crisis puts
another piece of an individual’s identity in place.

OUR INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL
DEVELOPMENT ARE ALSO PART
OF OUR PERSONALITY
…
JEAN PIAGET

Piaget: Cognitive Development