Download Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin Chapter 16: Food and Digestion

Chapter 16:
Food and
Digestion
Name:_________________________________________________ Pd: _________
Section 1: Food and Energy
Vocab
1. Nutrient
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2. Calorie
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3. Carbohydrate
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4. Glucose
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5. Fiber
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6. Fat
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7. Unsaturated
Fat
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8. Saturated
Fat
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9. Cholestorol
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10. Protein
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11. Amino Acid
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12. Vitamin
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13. Mineral
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14. Food Guide
Pyramid
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15. Percent Daily
Value
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Section 1: Food and Energy
Notes
Why You Need Food:
Food provides:
o Materials for _______________
o Materials to repair _______________
o ______________
o the ability to maintain ____________________
Food is converted into __________________
______________________= the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body
needs to carry out all the essential processes
6 nutrients:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one oC =
___________________ (lowercase c)
The measure of the amount of energy in food = _______________ (capital C)
_____ C = _____________ c
Carbohydrates:
Major _________________ source
Provide raw materials to make ____________ _______________
2 groups
o _______________ carbohydrates
o _________________carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates:
aka ____________________
Naturally found in:
o
o
o _______________ vegetables
The major source of energy = ____________________
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Complex Carbohydrates:
Many _________________ molecules linked together in a long chain
Ex: _________________
o Found in _________________,___________,__________,___________, _____________, and ______________
The long chains must be broken to get _______________ from the sugar molecules
Fiber:
o Complex carbohydrate found in ______________
o __________________ be broken down
o NOT considered a __________________
o Keeps your _________________ system working properly
____% - ____% of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates are __________________ because they provide a more even, long term energy
source
Fats:
___________ energy nutrient
make up part of ___________ structures
Fatty tissue protects and supports internal _____________
__________________ your body to keep heat inside your body
HOWEVER; has ____________ as much energy as the same amount of carbohydrates!
2 groups:
o ______________________ fats
o _____________________ fats
unsaturated fats:
o ________________ at room temperature
o __________________ ___________
Saturated Fats
o ___________ at room temperature
o ____________, _____________, egg _____________
Cholesterol
o Waxy, fatlike substance found only in _________________ products
o You _______________ makes all the cholesterol your body needs
o Cholesterol is NOT __________________________ in your diet
< ____% of your diet should come from fats
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Proteins:
Needed for tissue ______________ and ________________
Play a part in _______________ reactions in cells (______________)
_______________ source (less than carbs & fats)
Found in meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, nuts, beans, lentils
~___% of your diet should come from protein
The building blocks of proteins = ____________ ___________
Only ____ different amino acids
___________ of the amino acids you need can be made by your body
The others must come from your diet = _________________ amino acids
_________________ proteins:
o Contain _________ the essential amino acids
o Sources: ____________, ___________
Incomplete proteins:
o _________________ 1 or more essential amino acids
o Sources: _____________, _______________, ___________
Vitamins:
Helper molecules in a variety of chemical reactions within the body = ____________________
If you eat a wide _______________ of foods, you will probably get enough of each vitamin
Minerals:
Nutrients not made by living things = __________________
Source: plant foods, or eating animals that eat plants
Ex:
o _____________ for strong bones
o ___________ for red blood cells
Water:
Chemical reactions take place in ___________________
Makes up most of the body’s _______________
________________ dissolve in water to be carried throughout your body
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Section 2: The Digestive Process Begins
Vocab
1. Digestion
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2. Absorption
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3. Saliva
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4. Enzyme
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5. Epiglottis
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6. Esophagus
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7. Mucus
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8. Peristalsis
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9. Stomach
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Section 2: The Digestive Process Begins
Notes
Functions of the Digestive System
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•
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3 main functions:
1. Breaks food down into __________________ the body can use
2. The molecules get carried throughout the body by the _______________
3. Eliminates ______________ from the body
The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules =
______________________
__________________l digestion = food is broken into smaller pieces
__________________ digestion = chemicals break food into their smaller chemical building blocks
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system and into
your blood = ___________________
The Mouth
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The fluid released when your mouth waters = ________________
Both mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the _______________
_______________ grind food
Enzymes in _________________ begin breaking down food
The Esophagus
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•
•
•
The muscular tube that connects the mouth and the stomach = ________________
Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe = ________________
A thick, slippery substance that makes food easier to swallow and move through the
esophagus = __________________
Muscle contractions that push food toward the stomach = _________________
The Stomach
•
•
•
•
__________________ to hold all the food you swallow
__________________ and __________________ digestion occur here
Has an enzyme that breaks down protein = _________________
And a very strong acid = ______________________ ________________
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Section 3: Food, Digestion, and Absorption
Vocab
1. Small
Intestine
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2. Liver
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3. Bile
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4. Gallbladder
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5. Pancreas
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6. Villus
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7. Large
Intestine
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8. Rectum
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9. Anus
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Section 3: Food, Digestion, and Absorption
Notes
The Small Intestine:

Almost all chemical digestion and absorption takes place in the ___________
intestine
The Role of the Liver:
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
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Breaks down _________________ and other substances
Removes ________________ from the body
Produces ________________
Substance that breaks up fat particles = _______________
________________- stores bile
Bile ______________ gallbladder and ______________ small intestine after
you eat
Help From the Pancreas:
 Lies ______________ stomach and small intestine
 Produces ________________ that break down starches, proteins, and fats
Absoprtion in the Small Intestine:
 ______________ = tiny finger-shaped structures
 The villi absorb __________________
 Nutrients then enter ______________ ________________
The Large Intestine:




The ____________ section of the digestive system
Contain __________________ the feed on passing material
As material moves through the large intestine, ____________ is absorbed into the bloodstream
The remaining material is readied for ___________________ by the body
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