Download Net carbon Uptake indicators : the CARBOEUROPE approach Ph

Net carbon Uptake indicators :
the CARBOEUROPE approach
Ph. Ciais
L.S.C.E
Gif sur Yvette, France
The aim of CarboEurope
• To observe, better understand and verify
the European carbon-balance, with an
emphasis on regional and continental scale
Key Issues in the European
Carbon balance
• Uncertainties in the apportionment
of the Northern Hemisphere carbon
sink between Eurasia and N.America
• Large fossil CO2 emissions to be
verified regionally
• Large stocks and large gross
fluxes but small net fluxes
• Influenced by past land use
• Influenced by current land
management, N-deposition, CO2 and
climate effects
•Lateral fluxes (rivers, food and
wood trade…)
Who is CarboEurope?
Total number of PIs: 124
Germany 20
Italy 17
Israel 1
Norway 1
Poland 1
Austria 2
2
Ireland 2 Spain
Switzerland 2
Portugal 2
Belgium 3
Hungary 4
Russia 4
Czech Rep. 5
Denmark 5
Finland 5
Sweden 7
UK 16
France 13
Netherlands 12
Funded and coordinated by the European
Commission DG XII Research
The way CarboEurope works
1000 km
Upscaling
10 km
Prediction
ha
µm
dm
Downscaling
Verification
Continental scale : Monitoring
Network of CO2 concentration
•Allows estimates of the
carbon balance over large
regions using inverse
modeling
• Quantifies interannual
variations in European
fluxes in response to
climate variability
• The European sink of
carbon in ecosystems is
about 1/3 of fossil fuel
emissions
Regional fluxes monitored using continuous
atmospheric records on tall towers
Network of ecological study sites
to investigate C and N pools and fluxes in
European forests
10000
•
Innovative isotope
technique to measure long
term carbon sequestration
Quantify the effect of
harvest and reforestation
on net C-fluxes in
managed forests
Sample size for mean
detectable change = 5 Mg C ha-1
•
CarboEurope
Literature
UK, CV=36%
1000
UK, CV=49%
UK, CV=30%
Finland, CV=25%
100
Finland,
CV=17%
Finland, CV=15%
10
40
•
Stock changes in soils are
very hard to observe
•
CarboEurope finds that
soil inventories are not
suited for Kyoto
monitoring
UK, CV=49%
80
120
160
Soil carbon stock Mg C ha-1
200
240
Network of eddy-covariance
flux towers
• Characterize processes by
which ecosystems exchange
CO2, water and energy
• Allow advanced
mechanistic models to be
parameterized
• Allow diagnostic of
continental wide Net
Ecosystem Productivity
using neural network
•All forests in Europe
appear to be taking up
carbon at high rates
Regional scale intensive experiments
over heterogeneous landcapes
• Upscale flux tower
measurements to the
regional level
• Quantitative
understanding of flux
heterogeneity and
variability
• Allow representativeness
errors to be estimated in
larger scale models
• Innovative airborne flux
measurement technique now
developed in Europe
July 16, 2002
Fluxes of CO2
(9.30 local time),
Link to global carbon cycle issues :
Benefits from the CARBOEUROPE integrated approach
to quantify the carbon balance of Amazon and Siberia
Priorities for action within GMES
1. Gaps in Knowledge
Targeted investment in Carbon monitoring in areas where
data are currently inadequate
-
Eastern Europe, Mediterranean
Agro-ecosystems : Arable lands and Pasture
Ecosystems recovering from disturbance
Extension of the approach to non-CO2 greenhouse gases
Quantify key processes
- Soil processes
- Forest parameters
- Disturbances
Intercomparisons of models to be commissioned and
carried out on a more systematic basis
Priorities for action with GMES
2. Technology and tools
Systematic real-time in-situ data transmission and
automated data analysis procedures, including data quality
control, and requent calibration and intercomparison of
sensors
Inter-operability to be ensured among carbon networks :
the “supersite“ concept
Development of cheaper, better, low maintenance sensors
Priorities for action with GMES
3. Model-data fusion ;
Interface with users communites
- Use in-situ CARBOEUROPE observations
for calibration and validation of remote sensing
measurements
- Develop comprehensive carbon data assimilation schemes
for future operational monitoring of European CO2 fluxes
- Arrangements to be set up by users to receive data
quickly in response to need.