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Unit 1: Assignment 4 Objective 4 5 6 7 Inv Zoology Use chapter 8 and your notes to answer the following questions. a fertilized egg blastomere oocyte zygote polyspermy The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. fertilization polyspermy zygote fast block an unfertilized egg cell oocyte zygote oogenesis fertilization more than one sperm cell attempting to fertilize an egg. polyspermy oogenesis oocyte zygote The process when the first sperm with the egg membrane is instantly followed by an electrical potential change in the egg membrane that prevents additional sperm from fusing with the membrane. fast block cortical reaction polyspermy zygote Question 6 1 pts The process in which thousands of enzyme rich cortical granules, located beneath the egg membrane, fuse with the egg membrane and create an osmotic gradient, causing water to rush into the space, elevating the envelope and lifting away all sperm bound to it. fertilization membrane fast block cortical reaction Question 7 1 pts The type of development of cell in which the blastopore becomes the mouth and the second opening becomes the anus. Most of these cells develop with spiral cleavage. Examples include snails and earthworms. blastula coelom protostome deuterostome Question 8 1 pts The type of cell in which the embryo develops through the blastula and gastrula stages, and forms a complete gut. The blastopore becomes the anus. And a second opening becomes the mouth. Examples include sea stars, fishes, frogs, and more complex animals. coelom deuterostome blastula protostome Question 9 1 pts The mass of the zygote containing a cluster of cells. blastopore coelom archenteron blastula Question 10 1 pts The developmental opening to the gut. blastopore archenteron blastula coelom Question 11 1 pts The internal pouch is the gut cavity. Also called the gastrocoel. archenteron blastula gastrula blastopore Question 12 1 pts How many cells does a zygote contain? none of the above 2 cell 1 cell 4 cells Question 13 1 pts How would you characterize a blastula? Question 14 1 pts What happens to the blastula to form the gastrula? Question 15 1 pts Identify the three embryonic germ layers and describe their location. Question 16 1 pts Into which kinds of tissue does each of the germ layers differentiate? Question 17 1 pts From what does the mesoderm form? Question 18 1 pts What major structure can be used to tell apart the embryos of acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates? Explain the differences. Question 19 1 pts If you studied the developing embryos of an earthworm, a fish, and a human, how could you tell that fishes are more closely related to humans than to earthworms? Include the reasoning underlying your response. Question 20 1 pts Most animals develop from a single, fertilized egg called a blastula True False Question 21 1 pts You have just discovered a new organism that you think is an animal. In order to be classified as an animal, what characteristics must it have? Question 22 1 pts What is one important factor that influences how an animal obtains its food? the interactions it has with sunlight its metabolism the number of mutations in its genome ability to move Question 23 1 pts How might an animal be free-moving at one stage in its life and sessile at another? Give an example. Question 24 1 pts How do sessile, aquatic animals , get their food? Question 25 1 pts A zygote divides by a process known as cleavage. True False Question 26 1 pts In what ways was the development of a body cavity, or coelom, an advantage for bilaterally symmetrical animals? Question 27 1 pts Describe an acoelomate animal's body plan. Question 28 1 pts How do nutrients get to the cells in a flatworm's solid, acoelomate body? Question 29 1 pts During the course of evolution, animal body plans have decreased in complexity. True False Question 30 1 pts An exoskeleton provides protection and support on the outside of an animal's body, as well as a place for muscle attachment. True False Question 31 1 pts An endoskeleton is a support framework housed within the body, a protective enclosure for internal organs, and a brace for muscles to pull against. True False Question 32 1 pts An invertebrate is an animal with a backbone. True False Question 33 1 pts Animals with bilateral symmetry find food and mates and avoid predators more efficiently because they have _____. tails the ability to see in all directions more muscular control body cavities Question 34 1 pts Which of these animals has bilateral symmetry? hydra jellyfish flatworm sponge Question 35 1 pts What type of symmetry does a penny have? radial symmetry biaxial symmetry bilateral symmetry it is asymmetrical Question 36 1 pts The animal's digestive tract forms from the _____. ectoderm mesoderm protostome endoderm Question 37 1 pts The embryo layer that forms the skin and nervous tissue is the _____. mesoderm endoderm protostome ectoderm Question 38 1 pts An animal with a mouth that develops from the opening in the gastrula blastula deuterostome protostome acoelomate Question 39 1 pts This describes organisms that don't move from place to place sessile gastrula blastula coelom Question 40 1 pts body cavity partly lined with mesoderm, such as found in roundworms pseudocoelom coelom gastrula acoelom Question 41 1 pts layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula endoderm ectoderm mesoderm Question 42 1 pts a fluid-filled body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm coelom pseudocoelom gastrula acoelomate Question 43 1 pts body plan of an organism that can be divided down its length into right and left halves that form mirror images protostome radial symmetry deuterostome bilateral symmetry Question 44 1 pts layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula endoderm mesoderm ectoderm Question 45 1 pts animal in which the mouth does not develop from the gastrula’s opening mesoderm sessile protostome deuterostome Question 46 1 pts animal that has three cell layers, with a digestive tract but no body cavities pseudocoelom mesoderm acoelomate coelom Question 47 1 pts third cell layer formed in the developing embryo mesoderm ectoderm endoderm
