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The Egyptian, Nubian, and Assyrian Empires (2.2, 4.1, 4.2) DATE: _________________ WORLD #_____ OBJECTIVES: 1. We will be able to identify key characteristics of Egypt’s civilization. 2. We will be able to analyze the rise of the Kingdoms in Egypt, the Nubian Empire and their decline Looking at Ancient Egypt (OLD KINGDOM EGYPT2660 to 2180 BC) o The Nile River was vital to Egypt King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 BC o Egypt’s Rulers, Pharaohs were equal to Gods Pharaohs were the center of Egypt's religion, government, and army. This is a Theocracy (A government controlled by religious leader). o Hieroglyphics A form of Egyptian writing based on pictorial characters for words and sounds (part of a civilization) Rosetta Stone o The Rosetta Stone carries an inscription in different languages, which helped decode the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script. It is the only remaining part of a larger slab recording a decree on March 27, 196 BC. Egyptian Life o Menes' family passed the double crown of upper and lower Egypt from father to son (DYNASTY) The pharaoh ruled even after his death Tombs had valuables and were heavily decorated for the Pharaoh to live comfortably (PYRAMIDS) o Egyptian Advances Invented a better writing surface-Papryus. Egyptians developed a calendar to keep track of floods. Excellent mathematical knowledge helped build pyramids and palaces. Great medical knowledge!!! o Pharaohs expected to reign for eternity. Tombs were more important than their palaces. Polytheistic like Mesopotamia Afterlife more positive Old Kingdom Declines Around 2180 BC o Middle Kingdom restores order and trade from (2040-1640 BC)Control the Nile for farming and improved trade. o Better life for ordinary people Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt Weak Pharaohs emerged after the Middle Kingdom o Asiatic invaders HYKSOS ruled 1640 to 1570 BC During this time, Hebrews settled in Egypt Some say the Hyksos encouraged The Egyptian, Nubian, and Assyrian Empires (2.2, 4.1, 4.2) DATE: _________________ 1600 BC-Changes are Coming o Warlike rulers began to restore Egypt's power Hyksos driven out of Egypt to Palestine o Hebrews supposedly remain and are enslaved Supposedly would not leave Egypt until The Exodus (1500-1200 BC) The New Kingdom of Egypt NEW KINGDOM (1570-1075 BC) looked to strengthen by building an EMPIRE. o Did so by increasing military Bronze weapons, chariots, archers, charioteers, infantry But not just war! o Hatshepsut (1472 BC) encourages trade Carried out trading expeditions to land near present-day Somalia o Thutmose III changes this and becomes much more warlike Took lands to the east (Palestine and Syria) and Pushed farther in Nubia o Egyptians and Hittites clash but Ramses II gets an alliance (1285 BC) Great BuildersOld Kingdom=Pyramids New Kingdom=Temples The Decline By Land and Sea o Began to slip after Ramses II around (1200 BC) Sea and desert could no longer protect Libyans take control but change little (950 to 730 BC) o NUBIANS come north and seize power, but change little too Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Kingdom of KUSH between 2000-1000 BC dominated by Egypt o Emerged as power before rise of New Kingdom Consistently influenced by Egyptian culture Kushite princes: learned languages, dress, customs o Wanted to guard Egyptian values as it declined in 1200 BC to the Libyans PIANKHI Captures the Egyptian Throne 751 BC Painkhi, Kushite king, overthrew Libyan ruled Egypt o United the entire Nile Valley However, it was short lived. Assyrians conquered Egypt in 671 BC o Even with loss, Kushites experienced a golden age The Golden Age of Meroe o Moved further south and toward Red Sea Major supply of iron and good for trade o Fell as Aksum took trade WORLD #_____