Download The Egyptian, Nubian, and Assyrian Empires (2.2, 4.1, 4.2) DATE

The Egyptian, Nubian, and Assyrian Empires (2.2, 4.1, 4.2)
DATE: _________________
WORLD #_____
OBJECTIVES:
1. We will be able to identify key characteristics of Egypt’s civilization.
2. We will be able to analyze the rise of the Kingdoms in Egypt, the Nubian Empire and
their decline
 Looking at Ancient Egypt (OLD KINGDOM EGYPT2660 to 2180 BC)
o The Nile River was vital to Egypt
 King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 BC
o Egypt’s Rulers, Pharaohs were equal to Gods
 Pharaohs were the center of Egypt's religion, government, and
army.
 This is a Theocracy (A government controlled by
religious leader).
o Hieroglyphics
 A form of Egyptian writing based on pictorial characters for words and sounds (part of a civilization)
 Rosetta Stone
o The Rosetta Stone carries an inscription in different languages, which helped decode the ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphic script.
 It is the only remaining part of a larger slab recording a decree on March 27, 196 BC.
 Egyptian Life
o Menes' family passed the double crown of upper and lower Egypt from father to son (DYNASTY)
 The pharaoh ruled even after his death
 Tombs had valuables and were heavily decorated for
the Pharaoh to live comfortably (PYRAMIDS)
o Egyptian Advances
 Invented a better writing surface-Papryus.
 Egyptians developed a calendar to keep track of floods.
 Excellent mathematical knowledge helped build pyramids and
palaces.
 Great medical knowledge!!!
o Pharaohs expected to reign for eternity.
 Tombs were more important than their palaces.
 Polytheistic like Mesopotamia
 Afterlife more positive
 Old Kingdom Declines Around 2180 BC
o Middle Kingdom restores order and trade from (2040-1640 BC)Control the Nile for farming and improved trade.
o Better life for ordinary people
 Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt

Weak Pharaohs emerged after the Middle Kingdom
o
Asiatic invaders HYKSOS ruled 1640 to 1570 BC

During this time, Hebrews settled in Egypt

Some say the Hyksos encouraged
The Egyptian, Nubian, and Assyrian Empires (2.2, 4.1, 4.2)

DATE: _________________
1600 BC-Changes are Coming
o
Warlike rulers began to restore Egypt's power

Hyksos driven out of Egypt to Palestine
o
Hebrews supposedly remain and are enslaved

Supposedly would not leave Egypt until The Exodus (1500-1200 BC)
The New Kingdom of Egypt

NEW KINGDOM (1570-1075 BC) looked to strengthen by building an EMPIRE.
o Did so by increasing military
 Bronze weapons, chariots, archers, charioteers, infantry
 But not just war!
o Hatshepsut (1472 BC) encourages trade
 Carried out trading expeditions to land near present-day Somalia
o Thutmose III changes this and becomes much more warlike
 Took lands to the east (Palestine and Syria) and Pushed farther in Nubia
o Egyptians and Hittites clash but Ramses II gets an alliance (1285 BC)
 Great BuildersOld Kingdom=Pyramids
 New Kingdom=Temples
The Decline

By Land and Sea
o Began to slip after Ramses II around (1200
BC)
 Sea and desert could no longer
protect
 Libyans take control but
change little (950 to 730
BC)
o NUBIANS come north and seize power, but
change little too
Kushites Conquer the Nile Region

Kingdom of KUSH between 2000-1000 BC dominated
by Egypt
o Emerged as power before rise of New Kingdom
 Consistently influenced by Egyptian culture
 Kushite princes: learned languages, dress, customs
o Wanted to guard Egyptian values as it declined in 1200 BC to the Libyans
PIANKHI Captures the Egyptian Throne


751 BC Painkhi, Kushite king, overthrew Libyan ruled Egypt
o United the entire Nile Valley
 However, it was short lived.
 Assyrians conquered Egypt in 671 BC
o Even with loss, Kushites experienced a golden age
The Golden Age of Meroe
o Moved further south and toward Red Sea
 Major supply of iron and good for trade
o Fell as Aksum took trade
WORLD #_____