Download 4.6 sOLAR POWER PLANT COMPONENT SPECIFICATION

TECHNICAL PROPOSAL FOR 50kwp
Off GRID SOLAR POWER PLANT
WITH GRID INTERACTIVE OPTION
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1.
INTRODUCTION:
We want plentiful and reliable sources of clean energy at reasonable prices. More and
more, our nation's economic health and security depends on reliable, clean, abundant, and
affordable energy. The fuel-free, modular attributes of PV play a key role here.
Because PV uses no fuel, there's no uncertainty about rising and fluctuating fuel prices. In
addition, clean renewable energy technologies like PV tend to have minimal costs
associated with complying with legislation that protects the environment.
PV's modularity also figures in—power plants that are built as a series of modules tie up
less capital for a shorter period of time when the plant is under construction. A modular
plant can begin operating as soon as each module is completed, producing revenue sooner
than nonmodular plants. And a failure in a modular plant affects only a portion of the plant;
a failure in a nonmodular plant can shut down the entire operation. Finally, modular plants
can be moved to areas of higher value or used in other applications, if that becomes
necessary.
PV plants can build much more quickly than they can build conventional fossil or nuclear
power plants, because PV arrays are fairly easy to install and connect. Also, utilities can
build PV power plants where they're most needed in the grid, because siting PV arrays is
usually much easier than siting a conventional power plant. And, unlike conventional power
plants, modular PV plants can be expanded incrementally as demand increases. Finally,
PV power plants consume no fuel and produce no air or water pollution while they silently
generate electricity.
Grid-interactive PV power plant has economic as well as environmental advantages.
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2.
BRIEF ON 50kWp CAPACITY POWER PLANT:
This proposal is prepared for design, manufacture and Installation a 50kWp (Solar array
size) to be installed in Latha Mathavan Engineering College.
This power plant would be simultaneously connected to the power grid. This power plant
would be synchronized to grid. The existing transmission line would transport the power
from Grid to load if solar power is not sufficiently available.
The proposed SPV Power Plant will consist of 200 no’s of fixed mount 250Wp solar panel
to generate a peak power of 50kW which is converted into a 3 phase synchronized AC
compatible with Grid.
The proposed SPV Power Plant will consist of fixed mount solar panel. The proposed SPV
power plant will be installed in 600 sqm land area.
Power Plant Details:
1. Maximum load considered for the solar power plant is 35-40 units per hour upto max.
5 hours, under 800-1000W solar radiation.
2. If solar power is sufficient, the first preference for the loads will be from the solar
power plant.
3. If solar energy power generation is not sufficient to manage the load, remaining
required power will be drawn from the grid side.
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3.
ASSUMPTIONS FOR DESIGN:

The Solar Radiation Data’s are based on standard hand books for solar radiation
and solar power simulation software’s.

The SPV modules are fixed mount.

The PV Power Plant is tied with Grid.

The Data monitoring will be done remotely.

Placement of modules is ground mounting.
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4(a). SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:
Solar PV Power Plant consists of following basic blocks.
4.1
Solar module.
4.2
Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
4.3
Battery Bank
4.4
Electrical switch gear.
4.5
Protections and Grounding.
4.6
Solar power plant components
4(b). SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM:
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4.1
Solar Modules:
A photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells, also
known as solar cells. An installation of photovoltaic modules or panels is known as a
photovoltaic array or a solar panel. Photovoltaic cells typically require protection from the
environment. For cost and practicality reasons a number of cells are connected electrically
and packaged in a photovoltaic module, while a collection of these modules that are
mechanically fastened together, wired, and designed to be a field-installable unit, with a
glass covering and a frame and backing made of aluminium, plastic or fiberglass, are
known as a photovoltaic panel or simply solar panel. The majority of modules use waferbased Crystalline silicon cells or a thin film cell based on cadmium telluride or silicon
Electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage and/or in
parallel to provide a desired amount of current source capability. Diodes are included to
avoid overheating of cells in case of shading.
Fig 2: Solar Cell, Module, & Array
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4.2
Power conditioning Unit (PCU):
Power conditioning unit contains Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and Inverter. The
PCU is equipped with a peak power tracker to maximize the utilization of Solar Power
collected from the Solar Array. The output of the inverter is connected to the grid.
The Inverter converts the DC available from the MPPT into an AC output comparable to the
grid. The output of the inverter is filtered to reduce the harmonics to an acceptable level
(less then 5%). The output of the inverter is always synchronized to the grid as long as the
grid is available and works as a grid tied inverter and powers the load. In the event of failure
of the grid the inverter is isolated from the Grid and works as stand alone power source to
provide power to the total load. In this mode it uses PV power, if available, or uses the
battery power. This configuration provides an uninterruptible power to the load and hence
eliminates the need of separate UPS system. The inverter adopts the latest Sine
modulation technology and uses IGBT’s as switching elements.
This proposal is considering 1 no. of 50KVA Inverter. 50KVA inverter is connected with 200
no’s of 24V 250Wp PV modules.
4.3 Battery Bank:
Batteries are storage device, which is used to store the DC power. In this proposal Battery
bank is designed to power the loads of 50KVA load for 2 hours with the help of solar power.
Type of battery considered is Lead acid Tubular batteries.
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4.4
Electrical Switch Gears:
The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power systems, or grid, refers to
the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate
electrical equipments. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to
be done and to clear faults downstream.
One of the basic functions of switchgear is protection, which is interruption of short-circuit
and overload fault currents while maintaining service to unaffected circuits. Switchgears
ensures the trouble free isolations of the equipments. Switchgear also is used to enhance
system availability by allowing more than one source to feed a load.
In this proposal Circuit breaker for grid disconnection and Module disconnection are
provided as part of Power conditioning Unit.
4.5
Grounding and Lightning Protection:
A protective earth (PE) connection ensures that all exposed conductive surfaces are at the
same electrical potential as the surface of the Earth, to avoid the risk of electrical shock. It
ensures that in the case of an insulation fault (a "short circuit"), a very high current flows,
which will trigger an overcurrent protection device (fuse, circuit breaker) that disconnects
the power supply.
A functional earth connection serves a purpose other than providing protection against
electrical shock. In contrast to a protective earth connection, a functional earth connection
may carry a current during the normal operation of a device.
Lightning protection is a specialized form of grounding used in an attempt to divert the huge
currents from lightning strikes. A ground conductor on a lightning protection system is used
to dissipate the strike into the earth. Lightning ground conductors must carry heavy currents
for a short period of time. To limit inductance and the resulting voltage due to the fast pulse
nature of lightning currents, lightning ground conductors may be wide flat strips of metal,
usually run as directly as possible to electrodes in contact with the earth.
In proposal, the entire system is completely provided with the required lightning and
grounding protection.
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4.6
SOLAR POWER PLANT COMPONENT SPECIFICATION:
4.6.1 SOLAR PV ARRAY:
DESCRIPTION
PARAMETERS
Array capacity
50kWp
Selected Modules
250Wp 24 V*
Inverters Capacity
50.0KW
No of Inverters
1
No of modules per Inverter
200
Max Current for 250Wp Module
7.35A
Open Circuit Voltage of 250Wp Module
42V.
Max Voltage of 250Wp Module
34V.
Short Circuit current of 250Wp Module
7.6A.
*individual module size will be decided at the time of finalization, but power plant capacity will be above
50KWp.
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4.6.2 INVERTER:
PARAMETERS
Input voltage
SPECIFICATION
230/400 Volts ± 1% three phase, 4 wire output
nominal voltage can be adjusted by ±5% via system
set points.
Output frequency
50 Hz ± 0.5% during stand alone inverter operation
inverter to follow grid freq up to ±3Hz of the nominal
output frequency during parallel operation.
Continuous Rating
50KVA with all the phase equally loaded.
Surge rating
Up to 60 KVA (120% of continuous rating) for
maximum of 30 seconds with all the phases equally
loaded.
Battery voltage(nominal)
120 volts DC.
Control type
Voltage source, microprocessor assisted output
regulation
Waveform
DSP generated PWM for two THD, sine wave output.
Parallel operation power control Phase controlled pulse with modulation.
THD
Less than 5%.
Efficiency
Up to 90%.
Internal protection system
 Inverter continuous over load protection.
 Inverter peak current protection
 Heat sink over temperature protection.
 Over/under voltage ac voltage protection.
 Over/under frequency protection.
 Over/under battery voltage protection.
4.6.3 CHARGE CONTROLLER.
Control type
Single channel PWM with MPPT control.
Capacity
Each channel-60 KW peak
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4.6.5 BATTERY BANK:
DESCRIPTION
PARAMETERS
Battery bank
240V, 800Ah
Type of battery
Lead acid tubular
Rating
C/10
Selected battery
2V, 800Ah.
No of batteries
80
4.6.6 JUNCTION BOX:
PARAMETER
Max. Number of strings
Max. Input current
Max. Input current per string
Ambient conditions
Ingression Protection standard
RATING
10
125 A
20 A
-20 to +40°C
IP 60
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5 MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE:
5.1
MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE BRIEF:
The structures will be designed for simple mechanical and electrical installation. It will
support SPV modules at a desired orientation and withstand against high wind loads.
The frames and the legs assembels of the array will be MS hot dip galvanised made of
suitable sections of angle, channel, tubes or any other sections as may fit conforming to
standards for steel structure to meet the design criteria. All nuts & bolts will be made of
very good quality stainless steel. The minimum clearence level between the lower edge of
the modules and developed ground level will be 0.5mtrs.
Nuts bolts and supporting structures including module mounting structures will be
adequately protected against corrosive atmosphere and saline weather.
The leg assembly of the module mountimg structures will be fixed type and grouted in
foundation bases. The base column made with reinforced cement concrete as per design
on site related data.
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5.2
MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE DETAILS:
Particulars
Type
Specification
Ground Mounting
Material Galvanized / Aluminum
Overall Design dimensions
Coating Dip(galvanized)/Anodized
Wind rating
Tilt angle
Foundation
No of module structure
Fixing type
MS
As per drawing
Hot Dip galvanized
100-200Km/hr
As per Lattitude
PCC(1:2:4)
Adequate
SS304 fasteners.
5.3 FOUNDATION DETAILS FOR SUPPORTING STRUCTURES:
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6. MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE DIAGRAM:
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7.
SOLAR
POWER
PLANT
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CONNECTION
DIAGRAM:
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