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Odds and Ends Class 12 June 14, 2017 • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics Theory of spin curves • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics Power law dependence on concentration C = 4/3 • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics T = 20000 – 40000K Luminol + Air Just water Stops after vibrations removed • • • • • • Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics Microfluidics • • • • • • • • Non-turbulent laminar flow First inkjet printing and analytical sciences Now complex synthesis of novel materials Now ultrahigh throughput analysis Now organ on a chip Now single cell level Now single molecule level Now culturing cells in devices Fields that benefit from microfluidics • • • • • • • • • Genetic analysis Capillary electrophoresis DNA amplification Clinical biochemistry Cell-based assays and single cell analysis Proteomics Point of care Drug discovery Small molecule and nano-materials Plant microfluidics • • • • Root chips to investigate root growth Change environment around roots High throughput Follow roots on microscope Defining microfluidics by scale • • • • Laminar flow – Life at low Reynolds number Heat and mass transfer Diffusion Large surface to area ratio (thermal homogeneity and rapid transfer) • Small chambers single objects, concentrated products • Single phase and multiple phase Why wasn’t microfluidics more common? • Historically electro-osmotic flow • Move only small amounts of liquid • Easily disrupted by bubbles or temperature variations Benefits in genomics • Microfluidics works well with current sequencing technology • Sample preparation • Single cell level genomics • Compartmentalization is important reducing noise, single molecule in 10 muL is a no go • Single molecule in 10 pL is good • Digital PCR and digital ELISA emerging • Insight into heterogeneity in biology • Epigenetics Mimicking physiological systems • Vasculature, circulatory system • Liver on a chip – Testing drugs on human cells – Less testing on animals, ethics • Generally only 2D in microfluidics • Learn how tissues grow and develop Droplet microfluidics • Making 2k drops per second • Analyzing millions of drops per day • Chemical reactions and in vitro biochemistry in drops • PCR in drops • Culture cells in drops Circulating tumor cells • Needle in a haystack • Physical properties • Affinity antibodies, only catch what you are looking for. • Size based better than affinity Blood Microbe Culture • Fighting sepsis • Determining which antibiotics are effective against pathogens • Rapid determination of treatment not a long culture of bacteria over several days • Also in chemotherapy characterizing which drugs work best on a specific cells Artificial cells • Cell free extract on chip features as artificial cell • Vesicles of cell free extract as artificial cells E. Coli • Dynamic environments • Mother cell machines • How cells decide when to divide, constant addition theory • Bacteria cell immortality and the old pole • Bacteria in fluctuating environments of food or antibiotics Rapid and cost effective diagnostics • Point of care, reduced access to equipment in poor countries • Construction of portable systems something that works with your phone • Low cost microscopes or fluorescence systems • HIV diagnostics • Paper based devices Synthesizing chemicals • Radio-chemicals for PET must be produced on the spot and decay rapidly Modular components • Standardization of screws and bolts • Need something similar for microfluidics • Standard ports tubing, punching patterns, pattern arrangements. Pneumatic components Working with worms and flies • Working with worms and flies can tell us about similar genes in humans • We talked about how microfluidics can be used to manipulate worms and flies Molecular evolution • Digital PCR • Megapixel PCR • Microfluidic SELEX Immunology • Chemotaxis of immune cells • Sensitive ELISA measurements • Compartmentalization of cells and determining what they excrete • Blood fractionation • Systems level analysis on single cells Simulation and construction • • • • Automated software for design of chips Simulation of chip behavior Auto-wiring of channels Stand alone biotic games for museums or classrooms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iUrxGo9gZs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EJlRXvpnf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgofwf2C76g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoLwOYtx0TA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odtpCGZdvrU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgGFfxILoMQ
