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Intelligent agents (TME285) Lecture 11, 20170222 Applications and examples of IPAs Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Today’s learning goals • After this lecture you should be able to – Describe the Turing test – Describe a few different IPAs Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Nomenclature • Many different names are used for agents similar to the interactive partner agents introduced in this course. • Examples: – – – – Interactive virtual agents Intelligent personal assistants Chatbots Conversational agents • As before, I will use the abbreviation IPA, which includes all of the above. Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Application areas • As IPAs are intended (eventually) to be able to handle conversation on the same level as a human, there is of course a very large set of possible applications. • Here, only a few examples will be given. • Do check the various references given below: Relevant information for your group projects, for example! Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde A bit of history • One of the first IPAs was ELIZA (1966), followed by PARRY (1972). • A more recent example is A.L.I.C.E. (or AliceBot), see http://www.alicebot.org/ • AliceBot uses the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML), which is also used in many other IPAs. • A more recent example is Mitsuku (http://www.mitsuku.com/) Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde The Loebner prize • An annual competition, in which IPAs are tested. The winner is the IPA that is considered most human-like (in its conversational abilities). • Both AliceBot and Mitsuku has won the prize (several times). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde The Turing test • Of course, the ultimate goal for IPAs is to pass the Turing test, which requires behavior indistinguishable from human behavior: • So far, no IPA has passed the test. • A review can be found here. Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Today’s learning goals • After this lecture you should be able to – Describe the Turing test – Describe a few different IPAs Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Personal assistants • Many such assistants have been released in the last few years, e.g. – – – – SIRI (iPhone) Cortana (Windows 10) Alexa (Amazon) Evi (Android) • If you haven’t tried any of them download (where necessary) and test! Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Healthcare applications • Application 1: To provide information about medication etc. • General references – Kumar et al. Sanative Chatbot for health seekers (available here). – Rizzo et al. An intelligent virtual human system for providing healthcare information and support (available here). – Foster et al. A survey of agent-based intelligent decision support systems to support clinical management and research (available here). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Healthcare applications • Application 2: To help training medical students and doctors. • General references – Danforth et al. Development of virtual patient simulations for medical education (available here). – Kazi et al. MedChatBot: An UMLS based Chatbot for medical students (available here). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Education-related applications • Application: Helping students by acting as a tutoring system. • General references: – Kerly, A. et al., Bringing chatbots into education: Towards natural language negotiation of open learner model (available here). – Heller, B. et al. Freudbot: An investigation of Chatbot technology in distance education (available here). – Jia, J. The study of the application of a keywords-based Chatbot system on the teaching of foreign languages (available here). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Library assistants • Application: Answering simple queries from (and chatting with) library visitors. • Example: Pixel (University of Nebraska) • General reference: Allison, D. “Chatbots in the library: Is it time? (available here). • You can try the chatbot at http://pixel.unl.edu/ Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Library assistants • Data stored as so called AIML (artificial intelligence markup language) files, with patterns in different categories (see http://www.alicebot.org/aiml.html) Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Museum guides • Application: Interacting with visitors in a museum • Example: Max, at the Heinz Nixdorf museum in Paderborn, Germany • General reference: Pfeiffer, T. et al., Living with a virtual agents: Seven years with an embodied conversational agent at the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, available here. Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Museum guides Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Hotel website assistants • Application: Carrying out conversations with visitors to a hotel website (handling reservations etc.) • Example, see Lasek, M. and Jessa, S. Chatbots for customer service on hotels’ websites (available here). • Chatbot built on data from over 4000 conversations from five hotel websites. • Speech synthesis found to be important for the user experience. Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Miscellaneous topics • • • • Conversation between chatbots. Chatbots with sarcasm and a sense of humor. Interactive art. Copying facial movements from one person to another. Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Chatbots conversing with each other! Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Chatbots with sarcasm and humor • SarcasmBot: – Joshi et al. SarcasmBot: An open-source sarcasmgeneration module for chatbots (available here). • EHeBby: – Augello et al. An emotional talking head for a humoristic robot (available here). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Interactive art • General reference: Cleland, K. Talk to me: Getting personal with interactive art (available here). Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Copying facial movements • Recent work: Using the facial movements of one person to animate an artifical head of another person: https://youtu.be/ladqJQLR2bA Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde Today’s learning goals • After this lecture you should be able to – Describe the Turing test – Describe a few different IPAs Mattias Wahde, PhD, Professor, Chalmers University of Technology e-mail: [email protected], http://www.me.chalmers.se/~mwahde