* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chemical Recommendations for Noxious Weed Control
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
History of herbalism wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus) wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Chemical Recommendations for Noxious Weed Control The following information is provided only as a general guide to weed control. Size of infestations, current or projected land use and site conditions will determine what herbicide or other control method will best suit your needs. For individualized plans, please consult the Noxious Weed Control Board or WSU Cooperative Extension Agent in your area. Always read and follow all label instructions on the products you select and use! HERBICIDES Most of the products listed below are restricted in sizes of 1 gallon or larger; some will be available in smaller containers. To purchase and apply restricted-use herbicides, a pesticide license is required. Contact the WA Dept. of Ag. or the WSU Cooperative Extension Office for information on how to obtain a license. 2,4-D: This product is sold under many names and formulations (Amine 4®, Hi-Dep®, Weedar 64® etc). 2,4-D is a selective, broadleaf herbicide , its effect is all on the foliage. Can be weak on bigger/older plants. Can help stop seed production when tank mixed with a slower acting herbicide, such as Milestone or Tordon. Aminopyralid: It is for use on broadleaf weeds, applied to foliage and then moves down into the root system. This product can be sprayed up to the edge of water and also be used on “seasonally dry” wetland. There are no grazing restrictions. The only brand name of this product is Milestone®. One drawback is that it is not very effective for the control of mustards or toadflax. This product has a very low use rate at a maximum rate of 7oz/acre. Aminopyralid + 2,4-D: Forefront R&P® For use in range and grass pastures, CRP lands. It controls a wide spectrum of broadleaf weeds faster than aminopyralid alone. Aminopyralid + Metsulfuron: Opensight® For use in range and pastures, CRP lands, and permanent grass pastures. The metsulfuron will aid in the control of mustards and members of the borage family (tarweeds, etc.). Dicamba: This is the active ingredient in Banvel® Clarity®, Diablo® among others. A selective, broadleaf herbicide and can last 2-4 months in the soil. Most of its activity is through the foliage but will provide some residual control of new seedlings. Usually provides quick burn down of plants. Dicamba + 2,4-D: This is a combination often recommended to landowners with noxious weeds in pastures. Some of the trade names include Weedmaster®, Range Star®, and Outlaw®. It controls a wide variety of broadleaf weeds. Clopyralid: A broadleaf herbicide for use in pastures and non-crop areas. Transline® or Spur ® is recommended when weeds are growing among conifers. Clopyralid + 2,4-D: A mix for pasture and rangeland, Curtail® or Cutback® are very effective for use on thistles and other broadleaf weeds. Clopyralid + Triclopyr: Brazen® A herbicide for pastures, rangeland, CRP, road sides and non-crop areas. (Redeem R&P is no longer available) Chlorsulfuron: A selective broadleaf herbicide for use in non-crop settings. Telar® and Glean® are trade names for this chemical. Effective on mustards. Metsulfuron: Another broadleaf herbicide used for weed and brush control in pastures, rangeland, and non-crop areas, trade names include Ally®, Escort® , Patriot®. Effective on mustards. Metsulfuron + 2,4-D, + Dicamba: Trade name is Cimarron Max® or an alternative is to buy the Dicamba + 2,4-D mix (Weedmaster®, Outlaw®, etc.) and add metsulfuron (Escort®). This is a very effective mix for a wide variety of weeds and brush. For use in pasture, rangeland, and CRP areas. It will kill most annual grasses and can yellow or temporarily stunt perennial grasses. Picloram: Tordon® or Trooper® are some trade names -it is a long lasting herbicide for broadleaf plants. A license is required to purchase this product in any amount. It is a selective herbicide that will remain in the soil controlling broadleaf plants an average of 2-5 years depending on soil type. Picloram has both foliar and root activity. It should not be used in sand or gravelly soils. Glyphosate: Most commonly known as Roundup®, this active ingredient can be found in many herbicides. Glyphosate only works on foliage and has no soil activity. Particular caution should be used when applying glyphosate as it is non-selective (works on grasses and broadleaf plants); leaving bare ground for new weeds to get established unless reseeding is done. *These are just a few of the many herbicides on the market today. We urge land owners to do research on what is available and appropriate for their site as it changes every year. The Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook has a much larger list of herbicides and their recommendations. The book can be purchased through the WSU Extension or accessed on line at http://weeds.ippc.orst.edu/pnw/weeds or find herbicides and label information at www.cdms.net Backpack Calibrations (per 1 gallon of water) 2,4-D 2 oz Hi-Dep 2 oz WeedMaster 1 oz Roundup 2 oz Curtail 3 oz Tordon 1oz 3-way mix per acre rate: ½ ounce Metsulfuron (Escort) 8 ounces Dicamba (Banvel) 1 quart 2,4-D Updated 2/2014 Surfactants Surfactants are an important key to maximizing an herbicide’s effectiveness. Surfactants are formulated to improve the performance of herbicides in spray solutions. They do this by modifying one or more of the following: 1. Mixing (emulsifying and dispersing oil and water-soluble particles) 2. Coverage (spreading and wetting leaves) 3. Spray retention (sticking to the leaves) 4. Absorption (penetrating properties) There are 5 classes of surfactants: nonionic, crop oil concentrates, nitrogen-surfactant blends, esterified seed oils, and organo-silicone surfactants. Not all herbicides behave the same on or in the plant. Most labels will recommend the type of surfactant that is best for that particular herbicide. Also there must be consideration of plant characteristics of whatever plant you are spraying, such as waxy leaves, plant hairs, lack of leaves, and leaf arrangement. Environmental conditions must also be a consideration. When there is high humidity and moisture, plants tend to have thin relatively permeable cuticles making it easier for the herbicide to penetrate the plants. When there is lower humidity the plant cuticles are thicker and harder to penetrate. During low humidity periods crop oil concentrates and esterified seed oils can pass through the cuticles better than nonionic surfactants. If the label calls for 1 quart of surfactant per 100 gallons; the equation would be 32(converting quart to ounces) divided by 100. Answer = .32 oz per gal. So multiply .32 X number of gallons of water you are using. If the label calls for a .5% solution; Multiply the gallons of water you are using by .005 (converting .5% into a decimal) Using 3 gallons as an example 3 × .005 = .015 gal Then multiply by 128 to convert to ounces (128 oz in a gallon) .015 × 128 = 1.9 oz for the 3 gallons HERBICIDE MIXING ORDER Unless the label states otherwise, add the herbicide to the water or fertilizer in the following order: 1. wettable powders or dispersible granules 2. flowable or aqueous liquids (solutions) 3. emulsifiable concentrates 4. crop oil concentrates Spray tanks should be at least half filled with the carrier (water or fertilizer) before the herbicides are added. If the mixture foams excessively, separates, or becomes syrupy, do not apply. Tank mixes usually require constant agitation and should be applied promptly. WEED Bull, Musk, Plumeless, and Scotch thistles Canada thistle Dalmatian or yellow toadflax Russian knapweed Fiddleneck tarweeds, Bugloss & other borage family GROWTH CYCLE Biennial Perennial Annual, biennial & perennial Hawkweeds Perennial Knapweeds including yellow starthistle Biennial & Perennial Kochia- EARLY SPRING MIDSUMMER When plants start actively growing Curtail® Brazen® Tordon® Weedmaster® Milestone® Herbicide treatment at this time is not as effective Bud to bloom 3-way mix* Telar® Brazen® Escort + 2,4-D Same herbicides for fall rosette treatment Curtail® Brazen® Tordon® Weedmaster® Milestone® Telar® Effective but should be done before plants flower Same herbicides: Apply after first frost Banvel® Curtail® Brazen® Milestone® Weedmaster® Milestone® Curtail® Brazen® Weedmaster® Roundup® Same herbicides: Apply before flowering Mustardsincluding hoary alyssum Escort or 3-way* Annuals & Weedmaster® Biennials Telar® Brazen® If spot spraying Rush Perennial plants can be skeletonweed difficult to see early in the year Perennial 3-way mix* Weedmaster® St Johnswort Tordon®+ 2,4-D Milestone Reminder: 3-way mix is Metsulfuron, Dicamba, Updated 2/2014 Rosettes/ Perennials Same herbicides: Apply before plants flower Herbicide treatment at this time is not as effective Annual- but seeds keep germinating into the fall season. Better control when it is small. FALL Same herbicides: Apply to perennials & fall rosettes Plants are hard to find but it may be effective Same herbicides for fall rosette treatment Weedmaster® Vista® Roundup®-Big plants may develop resistance. Same herbicides: Same herb. for Apply before rosette flowering treatment Tordon®+ 2,4-D Milestone® 3-way mix* Same herbicides for fall rosette treatment Not as effective in the fall 3-way mix* Weedmaster® Tordon®+ 2,4-D Milestone & 2,4-D aka Cimarron Max®