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Transcript
Terms in Epidemiology Ashry Gad Mohamed Prof. of Epidemiology Objective • At the end of the session the student should be able use correctly common terms used in epidemiology, public health and infectious diseases. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed What is Epidemiology? Study of distribution and determinants of health- related events and application of this study to control health problems. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Epidemic: The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected In a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular time. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Endemic: Constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographical area or population group 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Pandemic: An epidemic occurring over a very wide area (several countries or contents) and usually affecting a large proportion of the population 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Health: A state of complete physical, mental, social and environmental well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Infection: The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agents in the body of person or animal 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Contagious Agent or disease that is capable of being transmitted from one person to anther by contact or close proximity. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Zoonosis An infectious disease that is transmissible under normal conditions from animal to human. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Communicable disease An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products that arises through transmission of that agent from reservoir to susceptible host. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Period of Communicability The time during which an infectious agent may be transmitted directly or indirectly from infected person to anther person or animal. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Nosocomial infection An infection occurring in a patient in healthcare facility in whom it was not present or incubating at the time of admission. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Reservoir The habitat in which infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies. It may be human, animal or environment. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Carrier A person or animal without apparent disease Who harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Incubation period The period from infection to the Onset of symptoms or signs of infectious disease. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Prepatent period The period in people between time of exposure to parasite and the time when the parasite can be detected in blood or stool. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Host: A person or other living organism That can be infected by an infectious agent under normal condition. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Chemoprophylaxis The administration of chemicals, including antibiotics, to prevent the development of an infection or the progression of an infection to active disease or to eliminate the carriage of a specific infectious agent to prevent its transmission to disease. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Chemotherapy The administration of chemicals, including antibiotics, to treat diseases. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Morbidity Any departure, subjective or objective from state of physiological or psychological well being. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Risk factor: Factor Associated with an increased occurrence of disease or other health-related event or condition. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Pathogenicity: The proportion of persons infected after exposure to a causative agent, who then develops clinical disease. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Virulence Degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism as indicated by the severity of the disease produced and its ability to invade the tissues of a host; the competence of any infectious agent to produce pathologic effects. 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed Thank you 7/14/2017 Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed