Download Terms in Epidemiology

Terms in Epidemiology
Ashry Gad Mohamed
Prof. of Epidemiology
Objective
• At the end of the session the student
should be able use correctly common
terms used in epidemiology, public health
and infectious diseases.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
What is Epidemiology?
Study of
distribution
and
determinants
of
health- related events
and application of this study to
control health problems.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Epidemic:
The occurrence of
more cases of disease than expected
In a given
area
or among
a specific group of people
over a particular time.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Endemic:
Constant presence
of a disease
or infectious agent
within a given
geographical area
or
population group
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Pandemic:
An epidemic
occurring over
a very wide area
(several countries or contents)
and usually affecting a large proportion of
the population
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Health:
A state of complete
physical,
mental,
social
and environmental
well being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Infection:
The
entry and development or multiplication
of an
infectious agents
in the
body
of person or animal
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Contagious
Agent or disease
that is capable of being
transmitted
from one person to anther by contact or
close proximity.
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Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Zoonosis
An infectious disease
that is
transmissible
under normal conditions from
animal to human.
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Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Communicable disease
An illness due to a
specific infectious agent or its toxic
products
that arises through
transmission
of that agent from reservoir to susceptible
host.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Period of Communicability
The time
during which an
infectious agent may be transmitted
directly or indirectly from infected
person to anther person or animal.
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Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Nosocomial infection
An infection
occurring in a
patient in healthcare facility
in whom it was
not present or incubating
at the time of
admission.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Reservoir
The habitat
in which infectious agent normally
lives, grows and multiplies.
It may be human, animal or environment.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Carrier
A person or animal
without apparent disease
Who
harbors a specific infectious agent
and is capable of transmitting the agent to
others.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Incubation period
The period from
infection
to the
Onset
of symptoms or signs of infectious disease.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Prepatent period
The period in people between
time of exposure
to parasite and the time when the parasite
can be
detected
in blood or stool.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Host:
A person or other living organism
That
can be infected
by an infectious agent under normal
condition.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Chemoprophylaxis
The administration of chemicals, including
antibiotics, to prevent the development of
an infection or the progression of an
infection to active disease or to eliminate
the carriage of a specific infectious agent
to prevent its transmission to disease.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Chemotherapy
The administration of
chemicals,
including antibiotics, to
treat diseases.
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Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Morbidity
Any
departure,
subjective or objective
from state of physiological or psychological
well being.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Risk factor:
Factor
Associated
with an
increased occurrence
of disease or other health-related event or
condition.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Pathogenicity:
The proportion of persons
infected
after exposure to a causative agent, who
then
develops clinical disease.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Virulence
Degree of pathogenicity
of a microorganism as indicated by the
severity of the disease
produced and its ability to invade the
tissues of a host; the competence of any
infectious agent to produce pathologic
effects.
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed
Thank you
7/14/2017
Prof. Ashry Gad Mohamed