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FOUR MAIN OPERATIONS: 1 Addition- the answer is called the sum Addition words: altogether, in all, sum, how many, total Subtraction- the answer is called the difference Subtraction words- how many more than, decrease, reduce, less than, are left, change, find the difference 4TH Grade Math Note Cards Division- the answer is called the quotient 1 Multiplication- the answer is called the product. 1 Division words: per, each Divide when you are given a total and the problem asks you to separate or divide into equal parts; when you divide amounts get smaller Multiplication words: each, per, twice, double;these words are combined with addition words. Multiply when you are given a set of something with the same amount in each set; when you multiply amounts get bigger. ROUNDING STEPS: 1 1.Underline the place you are rounding- the number can only do 2 things- go up by 1 or stay the same. 2. Look at the number to the right- if that number is a 0,1,2,3 or 4, the number you are rounding will stay the same. If it is a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 it’ll go up by 1 3. Everything behind the number you’re rounding becomes zeros. Everything in front of the number stays the same, unless rounding a 9 to 10. ESTIMATION: 1 Use rounding to help you estimate. Round to the largest place in your number, unless you are given a specific place (ex. nearest whole number). Estimation words: round, about, almost, nearest, approximately, at least FRACTIONS 1 Numerator- top number; this number answers the question (how many are…red, shaded? Denominator- bottom number; tells how many parts your whole has been divided into Improper Fraction: Numerator is bigger than the denominator. Mixed Numbers: have a whole number and a fraction Adding and Subtracting Fractions: 1 You can only add or subtract fractions when they have the same denominator! Comparing Fractions: 1 If the NUMERATORS are the same- the larger the denominator the smaller the fraction If the DENOMINATORS are the same- just look at the numerators and put them in order To Find a Common Denominator: 1. Ask: Is my smaller denominator a factor of my larger denominator? If yes, use the larger. 2. Find the Quick Common Denominator Find the lowest common multiple- LCM 1. First ask: Is my numerator a factor of my denominator? If yes- can simplify in one step! 2. If it is not, then use you prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11) to help you simplify To make equivalent fractions- multiply or divide the numerator and the denominator by the same number. Simplifying Fractions 1 Divide the numerator and the denominator by the same number until you can not anymore. DECIMALS: Line up you decimals when you add or subtract them; put zeros into empty spaces so that all numbers go to the same place value. ORDER OF OPERATIONS: Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally P- Parenthesis E- Exponent M- Multiplication D- Division A- Addition S- Subtraction MEASUREMENT- LENGTH MEASUREMENT- WEIGHT 1 Think of decimals as money to help you compare and order them; can add zeros to end of number to make all go to same place value. Customary (US) 12 inches = 1 foot 36 inches = 1 yard 2 1 2 Customary (US) 16 ounces = 1 pound 2,000 pounds = 1 ton 3 feet = 1 yard 5,280 feet = 1 mile MEASUREMENT- CAPACITY/VOLUME 2 Customary (US) 8 fluid (liquid) ounces = 1 cup * See the “BIG G” on back Triangles- have no diagonals 3 All quadrilaterals- have 2 diagonals Squares, rhombus and kites always have perpendicular diagonals Pentagons- have 5 diagonals; form a star LINES 3 Parallel lines - lines that never meet or cross, and they stay the same distance apart. Perpendicular lines – lines that cross or meet at 90 degree angles, forming right angles. More types of quadrilaterals: 3 Rhombus- all sides same length, opposite angles are equal, 2 pairs of parallel lines Parallelogram- have 2 pairs/sets of parallel sides, opposite sides are equal/congruent. Squares, rectangles, and rhombus are all types of parallelograms; QUADRILATERALS: 3 A polygon with 4 sides, 4 vertices (corners), and 4 angles The sum of its interior angles is 360 degrees Types of quadrilaterals: Square- all sides same length, all right angles, 2 pairs/sets of parallel lines Rectangle- opposite sides are the same length, all right angles, 2 pairs/sets of parallel lines More types of quadrilaterals: 3 Trapezoid- has exactly one pair/set of parallel lines Kite- has two pairs of equal sides. The equal sides are next to each other. All four sides can not be the same length; does not have any pairs/sets of parallel lines TRANSFORMATIONS 3 FORMULAS 3 Rotation: T = turn AREA = length X width Reflection: FL = flip PERIMETER = add all sides Translation: SL = slide DATA and GRAPHING Types of graphs: 4 Line graph- shows the changes in data over time, one of the axis will show a unit of time More Types of graphs: 4 line plot data is placed on a number line represented by symbols Bar- uses horizontal or vertical bars to show information. Stem-and-leaf- larger place values (ex.10s, 100s) are the stems and numbers in the 1s place are the leaves Maximum- the largest number 4 Minimum- the smallest number Range- subtract the smallest number from the largest Mode- most often used number Median- the middle number; line the numbers up from smallest to largest and cross off on each end until you reach the middle number PATTERNS: 5 * Data is often organized in T-charts * Look for relationships between the numbers or symbols: Are they increasing (addition or multiplication)? Are they decreasing (subtraction or division)? *When you think you have found the correct pattern- always check and be sure it works!