Download 12510 Astronomy-Geology w-out state numbers

Course Title: Astronomy/Geology
Date Adopted: August 7, 2002
Department: Science
Fulfills UC/CSU Requirement: No
Pre-Requisite: Algebra I
Fulfills CSF Requirements: No
Length of Course: Two Semesters
Fulfills H/S Graduation Credit As:
Required ______ Elective ___X__
Semester/credits: 5
Grade Level: 10-12
I.
Course Description
Astronomy/Geology is a course intended to supply the needs for two types of students. Those students who
might be interested in a geological or astronomical career, and those who might seek some background for
recreational purposes. This will include some mathematical requirements. Subjects to be covered will be:
telescopic operation, various stellar/non stellar objects, location methods, astrophysical methods, cosmology,
mineral/rock identification techniques, paleontology, land formation, map reading, earthquakes, volcanoes,
erosion, and caves. It would be desirable to have field trips for these students.
II.
Rationale
This course will allow students to become exposed to the disciplines of geology and astronomy, which is not
extensively taught in any other course(s). Geology and astronomy, unlike other branches of science, are often
enjoyed by amateurs as “life-time activities”. There are many rock and mineral collectors as well as many who
enjoy astronomical observation as a recreational activity. A course of this nature will prepare the amateur with
the necessary background to further their interest in these fields and also those students who have a desire for
more serious study, with possible career aspirations.
III.
Goals and Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
To prepare students about geological and astronomical information
To provide students with an adequate background to continue study
To expose students to the subjects so they may develop an appreciation
To give students a “head start” for post secondary study
To give awareness of interdisciplinary subjects (Chemistry and Physics)
To prepare for and motivate for lifetime participation
To develop analytical skills
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
1. Science –
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of what science is,
it’s disciplines, and the basic background which supports it.
1.1
Understands Scientific Background
The student will demonstrate understanding of the basic background of science
1.1.1 Contrasts What is Science as Compared to Technology (Essential )
1.1.2 Applies The Scientific Method (Essential )
1.2
Understands the Disciplines of Science
1.2.1 Explains What is Geology (Essential )
1.2.2 Explains What is Astronomy (Essential )
1.2.3 Explains Other Branches of Science (Expected)
1.3
Understands Relevant Scientific Terms and Concepts
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.4
Applies the Periodic Table of Elements (Extended)
Contrasts the Four States (Phases) of Matter (Essential )
Relates the Laws of Physics (Expected)
Applies Concepts and Laws of Chemistry (Expected)
Applies the Concept of Properties (Essential )
2. Earth Composition
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of how to identify
various types of minerals and rocks, their classification and the properties which
make their identification possible.
2.1
Understands Mineral Properties
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.2.5
2.2
Determines Hardness (Essential )
Determines Luster (Essential )
Determines Cleavage/Fracture (Essential )
Determines Optical Characteristics (Essential )
Determines Crystal Habit (Essential )
Determines Specific Gravity/Heft (Essential )
Determines Streak (Essential )
Determines Other Properties (Extended)
Identifies and Determines Uses of Minerals of California (Essential )
Understands Mineral Property Techniques
2.2.1 Identifies Mineral Physical Properties (Essential )
2.2.2 Identifies Mineral Chemical Properties (Essential )
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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2.2.3 Uses Tools to Determine Properties (Essential )
2.2.4 Applies Mineral Properties for Identification (Essential )
2.3
Understands Mineral Terms and Concepts
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.2.7
2.4
Understands Rock Types by Formation
2.4.1
2.4.3
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.5
Interprets Bowen’s Reaction Series (Essential )
Interprets the Continuous Reaction Series (Expected)
Interprets Fractionation - Differentiation (Expected)
Relates Mining Terms and Concepts (Essential )
Applies Mineral Formation Types (Expected)
Interprets Solid Solution Series (Extended)
Identifies the Rocks of CA and Their Formation Environment (Essential )
Contrasts Igneous Rock Formation Types (Essential )
Contrasts Sedimentary Rock Formation Types (Essential )
Contrasts Metamorphic Rock Formation Types (Essential )
Relates the Rock Cycle (Essential )
Understands Rock Types by Properties
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
Analyzes Rocks by Texture (Essential )
Analyzes Rocks by Particle Size (Essential )
Analyzes Rocks by Inclusions (Essential )
Identifies Other Rock Terms and Concepts (Expected)
Identifies Rocks by Properties (Essential )
3. Geologic His tory
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the history of
earth development comparing its surficial characteristics to the progress of living
organisms.
3.1
Understands Geologic Time Scale
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
Demonstrates the Age of the Earth (Essential )
Explains Taxonomy (Expected)
Relates Time Divisions to Variables (Expected)
Analyzes Periodic Extinction Cause and Effect (Essential )
Evaluates the Historical and Future Effect of Asteroid Impact (Essential )
Compares Atmospheric Changes in O2 and CO2 Variations (Essential )
Relates Carbon Cycle (Essential )
3.2 Understands Paleontology Principles
3.2.1
3.2.2
Identifies Divisions of Paleontology (Essential )
Contrasts Divisions of Paleontology (Essential )
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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3.2.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.8
Recognizes Historical Individuals of Paleontology (Essential )
Relates Elements of Taxonomy to Paleontology (Expected)
Interprets Methods of Fossil Preservation - Hard Parts (Essential )
Interprets Methods of Fossil Preservation - Soft Parts (Essential )
Explains Carbon Dating Application and Elements (Essential )
Identifies Other Dating Methods (Expected)
4. Earth Geomorphology
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the cause and
effect of the internal and external changes of earth features.
4.1 Understands the Theoretical Aspects of Geological Formations
4.1.1
4.1.2
Recognizes Historical Individuals of Land formations (Essential )
Explores Theories of Land formations (Essential )
4.2 Understands Plate Tectonics
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
Identifies Different Tectonic Plates (Essential )
Explains Pangia (Essential )
Recognizes Evidence to Support Theory (Essential )
Relates Tectonics and Sea Floor Spreading (Essential )
Compares Subduction Zones and Mid-Ocean Ridges (Essential )
Relates Plate Boundary to Formation Activity (Essential )
Identifies “Hot Spot” Anomaly (Essential )
4.3 Understands Internal Earth Composition
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
Identifies the Cross Sections of the Earth Structure (Essential )
Explains the Sections Composition (Essential )
Relates the Characteristics of Earth Layers (Expected)
4.4 Understands the Various Types of Landformations
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.5
Recognizes Unconformities (Essential )
Identifies Fault Blocks and Their Implications (Essential )
Identifies Folds and Their Implications (Essential )
Identifies Plutons and Their Implications (Essential )
Knows Relative Amounts of Internal Energy (Essential )
Understands Earthquakes
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
Compares Earthquake Measurement Intensity Scales (Essential )
Compares Earthquake Magnitude vs. Energy (Essential )
Analyzes Earthquake Theories (Essential )
Interprets Earthquake Components; i.e. Wave Types (Essential )
Identifies Famous Earthquakes (Expected)
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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4.5.6
4.5.7
4.5.8
4.5.9
4.6
Explains Various Secondary Earthquake Phenomenon (Essential )
Evaluates Various Earthquake Predictors (Expected)
Analyzes Earthquake Structural Effects (Extended)
Applies Earthquake Safety Procedures (Essential )
Understands Volcanism
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.6.8
Identifies Volcano Types (Essential )
Identifies and Analyzes Lava Types (Essential )
Compares Volcano Components (Essential )
Evaluates Volcano Activity Conditions (Expected)
Determines Volcanic Gas Emissions (Extended)
Identifies Prominent Worldwide Volcanoes-”Ring of Fire” (Expected)
Explains Hot Spots and Their Relationship to Volcanoes (Essential )
Explains Hot Spots and Their Relationship to Subduction (Essential )
5. Geological Recording and Analys is
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of various types of
maps and photographs used to record and evauate geologic features and perform
applications with these tools.
5.1
Understands Stereo Photographs
5.1.1 Uses Stereographic Tools (Expected)
5.1.2 Applies Use to Stereo Photographic Images (Expected)
5.2
Understands Topographic Maps
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.3
Calculates and Applies Map Scales (Expected)
Explains Map Contour Lines (Essential )
Makes Cross Sectional Drawings from Contour Lines (Essential )
Identifies Geologic Features from Contour Lines (Expected
Understands Geologic Maps
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
Relates Geologic Maps to Land Features (Expected)
Determines Strike and Dip (Essential )
Explains Geologic Columns (Extended)
Relates Geologic Cross Sections (Extended)
Uses and Applies CA Geologic Hazard Maps (Essential )
6. Earth’s Surficial Changes
The student will investigate and demonstrate the effects of; glaciation, wind and
water, and how they change the surface of the earth and their influences of man
and his habitation.
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6.1
Understands Alpine Glaciation
6.1.1 Differentiates Alpine Glaciation (Essential )
6.1.2 Identifies Alpine Glacier Features (Essential )
6.1.3 Explains Alpine Glacier Caused Formations (Essential )
6.2
Understands Continental Glaciation
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.3
Understands Karst Topography
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.4
Interprets the Processes of Karst Formations (Essential )
Analyzes the Place of Water on Formations (Expected)
Identifies Water Zones (Expected)
Determines Karst Formed Features (Essential )
Explains Speleology (Expected)
Understands Fluvial and Lacustrine Formations
6.4.1
6.4.3
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.5
Differentiates Continental Glaciation (Essential )
Relates Ice Ages (Essential )
Identifies Continental Glacier Features (Essential )
Explains Continental Glacier Caused Formations (Expected)
Relates River Formation Processes (Essential )
Identifies River Formations Types (Essential )
Explains River History - Rejuvenation (Essential )
Relates Lake Formation Processes (Essential )
Identifies Lake Formation Types (Expected)
Understands Aeolian Formation Processes
6.5.1 Explains and Identifies Ventifacts (Essential )
6.5.2 Explain and Identifies Dune Formation (Expected
6.5
Understands Meteorology
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
6.5.4
6.5.5
6.5.6
6.5.7
6.5.8
6.5.9
6.5.10
Explains and Identifies Atmospheric Structure (Essential )
Relates the Importance of Ozone Layer (Essential )
Interprets Barometric Pressure (Essential )
Identifies Cloud Formations (Essential )
Explains the Water Cycle (Essential )
Compares Violent Weather Formation (Essential )
Explains Precipitation - Solid/Liquid (Essential )
Relates Relative Humidity (Expected)
Predicts Dew Point (Expected)
Analyzes Weather Seasons (Essential )
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7. As tronomy - Cosmology
The student will investigate and analyze theories of cosmology, their historical
elements, and determine evidence to evaluate their validity.
7.1
Understands Cosmological Theories of the Universe
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.2
Explores Ancient Theories of the Universe (Expected)
Analyzes Modern Cosmological Theories (Essential )
Evaluates Evidence of Current Cosmology Theories (Essential )
Makes Conclusions Concerning Theories of Cosmology (Essential )
Understands Solar Cosmological Theories
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
Analyzes Historical Indicators (Expected)
Compares the Difference Between Models and Theories (Essential )
Evaluates Evidence of Solar Cosmological Theories (Essential )
Makes Conclusions About Solar Theories (Essential )
7.3 Understands Lunar Cosmological Theories
7.3.1 Analyzes Historical Indicators (Expected)
7.3.2 Evaluates Evidence of Lunar Cosmology (Essential )
7.3.3 Makes Conclusions Concerning Theories of Lunar Evolution (Essential )
8. As tronomy History
The student will research and evaluate the contributions of individuals who
provided significant discoveries for astronomy, their place in the historical time
line, and the inplications of these milestones.
8.1
Understands Significance of Astronomical History (Essential )
8.2
Understands the Individuals and Their Contributions of Astronomy
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
Explores People from the Earliest Period - Ground Breakers (Expected)
Determines Those of Middle Period - First True Scientists (Essential )
Compares Those of Early Modern Period and Their Discoveries (Essential )
Identifies Those of the Recent Period and Their Advancements (Essential )
8.3
Understands Contributions of Astronomical Discoveries (Expected)
8.4
Understands Current Thought, Makes Future Predictions (Extended)
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9. Mechanics of the Planets
The student will investigate the cause and effects of the motion of the planets, the
phenomenon of the seasons, and the terms and concepts related to the earth and
moon and other planets.
9.1
Understands the Concept and Mechanics of Retrograde Motion
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.2
Identifies the Observable Data of Retrograde Motion (Essential )
Relates the Observations to Historical Implications (Expected)
Explains and Demonstrates the Observations to the Mechanics (Essential )
Contrasts Retrograde Motion to Inner vs Outer Planets (Extended)
Understands Kepler’s Laws
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
Explores the Historical Implications of Kepler’s Laws (Essential )
Explains the Law of Ellipse (Essential )
Explains the Law of Equal Areas (Essential )
Explains and Calculates the Law of Harmonics (Essential )
9.3
Understands Units of Astronomical Distance (Essential )
9.4
Understands Concepts and Causes of Earth Time
9.4.1 Explains the Unit of a Year and its Anomalies (Essential )
9.4.3 Explains the Unit of a Day and its Anomalies (Essential )
9.4.3 Explains and Contrasts the Seasons (Essential )
9.5
Understands the Events of Eclipses and Their Causes
9.5.1 Explains and Identifies Solar Eclipses (Essential )
9.5.2 Explains Lunar Eclipses (Essential )
9.6
Understands Astronomical Body Location Methods
9.6.1 Explains and Applies Right Ascension-Declination (Essential )
9.6.2 Explains Altazmuth (Expected)
9.7
Understands Natal Astrology
9.7.1 Relates Astrology to Solar Position (Expected)
9.7.2 Identifies the Positions of the Zodiac (Extended)
9.7.3 Analyzes the Validity / Faults of Astrology as a Science (Essential )
9.8
Understands Tides, Their Causes and Their Effects (Expected)
9.9
Understands Astronomical Terms and Concepts
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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9.9.1
9.9.2
9.9.3
9.9.4
9.9.5
Relates Position Points from the Earth (Essential )
Applies Earth Rotation Terms and Concepts (Essential )
Explores Methods for Astronomical Distance Determination (Essential )
Explains Precession of the Equinoxes (Expected)
Uses Related Physics Terms (Extended)
10. As tronomical Instruments
The student will investigate, interperet, and identify terms and concepts of the
variety of telescopes and their application and other related astronomical
instruments.
10.1 Understands Optics Terms and Concepts
10.1.1
10.1.2
10.1.3
10.1.4
10.1.5
10.1.6
10.1.7
10.1.8
10.1.9
Compares Lens and Mirror Types (Expected)
Identifies and Explains Terms of Light Properties (Essential )
Calculates Velocity, Wavelength, and Frequency Variables (Essential )
Uses Electromagnetic Spectrum to Compare “f” and “” (Expected)
Determines Light Groups on the Spectrum (Extended)
Calculates; Inverse Square Law, Index of Refraction, f/ratio (Essential )
Identifies Laws of Refraction and Reflection (Essential )
Explains Resolving Power (Essential )
Illustrates Optical Anomalies (Expected)
10.2 Understands Optical Telescope Types
10.2.1 Explains and Uses Refractor Telescopes (Essential )
10.2.2 Explains and Compares Reflector Telescope Types (Essential )
10.2.3 Explores Dobsonian Telescopes (Extended)
10.3 Understands Types and Characteristics of Oculars
10.3.1 Relates Eyepiece Sizes and Applications (Essential )
10.3.2 Explains Parfocal Sets (Extended)
10.3.3 Compares Eyepiece Types for Cost and Quality (Essential )
10.4 Understands Telescope Mount Types (Essential )
10.5 Understands Clock Drives for Their Purpose and Variety (Essential )
10.6 Understands Use and Qualities-Select Optical Telescopes (Expected)
10.7 Understands the Application and Characteristics of Radio Telescopes
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
10.7.5
Relates the Concepts of Radio Waves to Astronomy (Essential )
Compares the Application of Radio to Optical Astronomy (Essential )
Explains the Components of a Radio Telescope (Expected)
Analyzes the Sources of Radio Waves (Essential )
Explores Radio Telescope Technical Characteristics (Expected)
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10.7.6 Identifies Various Radio Telescope Types and Configurations (Extended)
10.7.7 Identifies Some of the Most Important Radio Observatories (Extended)
10.8 Understands the Application and Characteristics of Infrared Telescopes
10.8.1 Analyzes Infrared Telescope Operation Characteristics (Essential )
10.8.2 Identifies Infrared Telescope Instruments (Extended)
10.8 Understands the Application of X-Ray & Gamma Ray Telescopes
10.8.1 Analyzes X-Ray & Gamma Ray Telescope Op. Characteristics (Essential )
10.8.2 Identifies X-Ray & Gamma Ray Telescope Instruments (Extended)
10.9 Understands Use and Operation of Spectrophotometry to Astronomy
10.9.1
10.9.2
10.9.3
10.9.4
10.9.5
10.9.6
10.9.7
Analyzes the Characteristics of the Continuous Spectrum (Essential )
Examines the Mechanics of Spectral Emission Characteristics (Essential )
Examines the Mechanics of Spectral Absorption Characteristics (Essential )
Relates Application - Quantum Mechanics to Light Emission (Expected)
Explains Applying of Spectral Lines to Substance Identification (Essential )
Identifies Important Spectral Lines (Extended)
Explains the Application and Elements of Doppler/Fizeau Shift (Essential )
11. The Moon
The student will explore the importance of the moon to the earth and determine the
characteristics related to this body such as: orbit, evolution, exploration, features,
and composition.
11.1 Understands Moon Formations Theories (Essential )
11.2 Understands the Concept of the Earth/Moon System
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
Examines the Concept of the Baricentric Parallax (Essential )
Determines the Relationship of the Lunar Year and Day (Essential )
Identifies Lunar Phases and Its Mechanics (Expected)
Explains Lunar Distance Variation (Expected)
11.3 Understands the Lunar External and Internal Characteristics
11.3.1 Explains Lunar Surface Features and Their Origins (Essential )
11.3.2 Analyzes Lunar Temperature, Gravity, and Atmosphere (Expected)
11.3.3 Compares Lunar Rock Composition and Unique Rocks (Extended)
11.4 Understands the Background of the Apollo Program (Essential )
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12. The Planets
The student will explore the planets and compare their similarities and differences
with emphesis being placed on relative: distance from the sun, size, density,
periods, surface features, atmospheres, and groupings.
12.1 Understands the Planets Names and Their Origins (Essential )
12.2 Understands How Planets are Separated into Two Groups
12.2.1 Identifies Terrestrial Planets and Their Characteristics (Essential )
12.2.2 Identifies Jovian Planets and Their Characteristics (Essential )
12.3 Understands Asteroids and Their Significance (Essential )
12.4 Understands the Planetary Orbital Distance from the Sun (Expected)
12.5 Understands Planets Relative Sizes (Essential )
12.6 Understands Planetary Moons and Some Characteristics (Expected)
12.7 Understands Surface Features of Planets - Identifying Data (Essential )
13. Stellar Information
The student will explore stars and analyze their evolution, energy source, internal
and external features, Phases, and types.
13.1 Understands the Characteristics and Features of Our Sun (star)
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.4
13.1.5
13.1.6
13.1.7
Identifies Specific Areas of the Surface of the Sun (Essential )
Identifies Internal Areas of the Sun’s Cross Section (Essential )
Explores and Contrasts Composition, Density, Temperatures (Expected)
Identifies and Explores Sunspots and Other Solar Features (Essential )
Relates Solar Magnetic Fields to Solar Features (Essential )
Relates 11 year Cycle to Solar Activity (Essential )
Compares the Sun to Other Stellar Types - Main Sequence (Essential )
13.2 Understands the Solar Wind and Its Causes
13.2.1 Relates the Solar Wind to Solar Activity (Essential )
13.2.2 Identifies Solar Wind Relationship to Aurora Borealis/Australis (Essential )
13.2.3 Knows Relative Amount of Solar Energy Contribution to Earth (Essential )
13.3 Understands Stellar Energy Source, Processes, and Evolution
Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
Explains Nuclear Fission Process (Expected)
Explains Basics of Nuclear Fusion Process (Essential )
Explains P-P Chain (Essential )
Explain Triple Alpha Process (Essential )
Explains Heliostatic Equilibrium (Essential )
13.4 Understands Stellar Evolution
13.4.1
13.4.3
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.4.5
Explains the Concept of a Main Sequence Star (Essential )
Relates Stellar Evolution to Solar Masses (Essential )
Relates Equilibrium to Novas and Supernovas (Essential )
Explains Relationship of Stellar Death to Stellar Birth (Expected)
Identifies the Protostar (Extended)
13.5 Understands Stellar Background Concepts
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
Compares Absolute and Apparent Magnitudes (Essential )
Explains Stellar Parallax as a Distance Determinant (Essential )
Identifies and Applies Stellar Temperature Classes (Essential )
Analyzes Hertzsprung - Russell Diagrams (Expected)
14. Galaxies
The student will explore galaxies and analyze their evolution, characteristics,
distances, sizes, and types.
14.1 Understands Galaxy Types by Shape
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.1.4
14.1.5
Identifies Characteristics of Spiral Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies Characteristics of Elliptical Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies Characteristics of Barred Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies Characteristics of Irregular Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies Galaxies by Messier or NGC Numbers (Expected)
14.3 Understands Galaxy Components
14.3.1 Identifies Galactic Nucleus and Its Significance (Essential )
14.3.2 Identifies Galactic Arms (Expected)
14.3 Understand Galactic Types by Spectral Emission
14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
Identifies and Explains Optical Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies and Explains Radio Galaxies (Essential )
Identifies and Explains Seyfert Galaxies (Expected)
Identifies and Explains Quasars (Expected)
14.4 Understands Galactic Cluster
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14.4.1
14.4.3
14.4.3
14.4.4
Identifies and Describes the Local Group (Expected)
Identifies and Describes the Magellanic Cloud (Expected)
Explains Galactic Evolution (Expected)
States and Applies Hubble’s Law and Constant (Essential )
14.5 Understands Our Galaxy, The Milky Way
14.5.1 Describes the Dimensions of the Milky way (Essential )
14.5.2 Describes the Rate of Rotation of the Milky way (Essential )
14.5.3 Locates Our Sun Within Our Galaxy (Expected)
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Astronomy/Geology – August 7, 2002
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