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Name:_________________________ Date:___________ Hour:_________ Abrahamic Religions Religious Tolerance Directions: Using information from our discussion on religious tolerance, answer the questions below. Belief:_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Freedom:___________________________________________________ Diversity:___________________________________________________ Religion:____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Right:______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 1. First Amendment_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. In Mr. Croff/Mrs. Waite’s class, I have the right to:__________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. In my family, I have the right to:________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. In the United States, I have the right to:__________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. Your own definition of religious freedom:__________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 1 6. Could there be cases where people should NOT be allowed to practice their religion? Explain.___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Objective viewpoint:________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Subjective viewpoint:_______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Which viewpoint (objective or subjective) will you be using as a Social Scientist studying the religions of the world? What does this mean you will be doing?________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2 Ch. 6 Sec. 1: Origins of Judaism Beginnings o A new group of people appeared in Southwest Asia between 2000 BC and 1500 BC known as the ____________. ____________ is their religion. o The Hebrew Bible traces the Hebrews back to _________________, the founder of Judaism. o He was told by God to leave ____________________ with his family and go west. Near the Mediterranean Sea, they settled in ____________ but some later moved to ___________. Fearing a takeover, the ____________ made the Hebrews slaves. Moses o A leader among the Hebrews, ____________ was told by God to lead the Hebrews on a journey out of Egypt known as the ____________. On Mount ____________, Moses was given two stone tablets by God with a code of moral laws known as the ____________ ____________________. After returning to Canaan, the Hebrews were then known as the ____________. Later History o Not being able to agree on a new king caused a split into two kingdoms: ____________ and ____________. These people became known as the Jews. The ____________ is the scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah. The ____________ conquered the Jews who returned to ____________. Fundamentals of Judaism o ____________________ is the belief in only one God. Judaism is considered to be the first such religion. o The symbol of Judaism is the ____________ of ____________. o Jewish law includes ____________ law, recorded by Moses. 3 o The most sacred text of Judaism is the ____________. o Every ____________, the Jewish place of worship, has at least one copy. o ____________, or religious teachers, study the Torah and religious law. Parts of the Hebrew Bible include the ____________ and the Book of ____________. o Jewish holidays include ____________, ____________ and ________ ________ ________. 4 Vox: Everything You Need to Know About Israel and Palestine (use “cards” 1-2 and 14) 1. (Card 1). What is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. (Card 1). Think! What major event in the 20th century lead to the creation of Israel? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. (Card 1). Explain the how the West Bank is controlled. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. (Card 1). Explain how Gaza is controlled. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. (Card 1). What is the “two-state solution” to solving the conflict between Israel and Hamas? Explain possible problems with this plan. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. (Card 1). What is the “one-state solution” to solving the conflict? Explain possible problems with this plan. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5 7. (Card 2). Define Zionism. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8. (Card 14). Describe how the world feels about Israel and Palestine. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 9. Opinion: Do you think the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians can be solved? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6 Masada: A Natural Fortress 1. What geographical features made Masada a good fortress? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Who were the Zealots? How might their actions be related to the meaning of the word zelot? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Some historians believe archaeological evidence supports the writing of Josephus. What questions would archaeologists be unable to answer about his story? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. If Josephus’s story is true, do you think the Zealots were heroic? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. Why is Masada significant today? What places in the United States have similar appeal? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7 Ch. 6 Sec. 2: Origins of Christianity • Jesus of Nazareth o Jesus of Nazareth was believed by many to be the _____________, a leader who ancient Jews felt would restore the greatness of ___________. Define “Messiah”:___________________________________ _________________________________________________ o The life and teaching of Jesus would form the basis of _______________. o Most of what is known about his teaching comes from the Christian ____________, which is made up of two parts. • The Old Testament is largely the same as the ____________ ____________. • The ______ Testament includes the life and ____________ of Jesus as well as the early history of Christianity. History of Jesus o Born in the town of ____________ o Born at the end of the ______ century B.C.E. o Mother was ____________. She was believed to be a ____________ ____________ and that God was the father of Jesus. o Jesus worked as a carpenter and also studied ____________. Around the age of ______ he began to travel and teach. Jesus had many followers but his teachings challenged political and religious authorities. He was arrested, tried and executed by ____________________, where a person’s hands and feet are ____________ to a ____________. Resurrection of Jesus o His rise from the dead three days later is known as the ____________________. o Define the Resurrection:__________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Christians believe that he appeared to his ____________, or followers and stayed for 40 days before rising into heaven. 8 o A ____________ is an event that cannot normally be performed by a human. o After the Resurrection, Jesus began to be ____________ ____________. Christ is based on the Greek word ____________, which means ____________. Acts and Teachings of Jesus o He spread his messaged from village to village among ____________ people. o The New Testament claims that Jesus ____________ many ____________. He healed the ____________ and ____________. He fed an entire crowd with a few loaves of ____________ and a few ____________. Parables o Followers of Jesus began to believe he was the ______ of ______. o Jesus taught his followers through ____________. o Define “parables”:_______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ o ____________ are similar to fables but teach religious lessons. Jesus’ Message o ____________ study and teach Christianity. ____________ are Christian places of worship. o The symbol of Christianity is the ____________. o Much of his message was based in ____________ ____________. o He wanted his followers to ________ all people, even their ____________. o Encouraged people to be generous to the ________ and ________. o Another important teaching of Jesus was ________________, or the rescue of people from sin. Define “sin”:_______________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ People who were saved from ________ would enter Heaven when they ________. 9 o Different ____________________ of Christians have developed from people having different interpretations of Jesus’ teachings. Define “denomination”:__________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Most Christian denominations share many ____________ about Jesus. Major denominations include: Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, Reformed, Presbyterian, Congregational, Pentecostal, Anglican/Episcopal, Eastern (Greek) Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anabaptist (Mennonite), Latter Day Saints (Mormon), Jehovah’s Witness. Ch. 6 Sec. 2: Origins of Christianity Part II Directions: read textbook pages 156-159 and answer the following questions. 1. Who are the Apostles? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. What are the Gospels about and who were they written by? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Who is Paul and what are his teachings? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10 4. What is the Trinity? Include its three parts. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. How did the Pope become important to many Christians? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 11 Ch. 6 Sec. 2: Origins of Islam Life in a Desert Land o The ____________ Peninsula is located where Africa, Europe and Asia meet. o Physical Features and Climate Very ______ and ______. Summer temperatures reach ______ degrees daily. ________ ________ can rise up to 800 feet. Define “oasis”:_____________________________________ _________________________________________________ Two Ways of Life o ____________ lived in tents and raised herds of sheep, goats and camels. o ____________ lived a more ____________ life, making homes in ____________ and towns on ____________ ____________. o Towns became centers of ____________, where nomads traded animal products and herbs for goods like cooking supplies and clothes. ____________ sold spices, gold, leather and other goods brought by ____________. A New Religion o ____________________ was born into an important family in the city of ____________ around 570 AD. o The messages that Muhammed received from God through angels form the basis of ____________. o Define “Islam”:__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ o Define “Muslims”:________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ o Define “Qur’an” (Koran):__________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Muhammad’s Teachings o Muhammad started to share his messages in ________ A.D. o To escape persecution, Muhammad and many of his followers traveled to ____________, or “the Prophet’s city” in in 622 A.D. This move is known as the ____________. 12 Define “Hegira”:____________________________________ _________________________________________________ Islamic Beliefs and Practices o o Places of worship for Muslims are called ____________. o The ____________ and ____________ are the symbol of Islam. o A ____________ studies and teaches Islam. o The Qur’an Muhammad’s ____________ were originally ____________ and not written down. After Muhammad’s death, the messages were ____________ and written down in a ____________ called the Qur’an (sometimes spelled Koran). The Qur’an is considered to be the ____________ ____________ of God as it was told to Muhammad. o Beliefs There is only one God, ____________ and Muhammad is his ____________. The world has a definite ____________ and will someday ________. On the final day, God will ____________ all people. o Those who ________ God’s orders will be granted ____________ in paradise. o People who did not obey God will ____________. o Guidelines for Behavior Must ____________ before praying. Not allowed to eat ____________ or drink ____________. Define “Jihad”:_____________________________________ _________________________________________________ Refers to the ____________ ____________ people go through in their effort to obey God and behave ____________ to Islamic ways. o The Sunnah o Muslims also study the ____________. o Define “Hadith”:____________________________________ _________________________________________________ 13 o Hadith is the basis for ____________. o Define “Sunnah”:___________________________________ _________________________________________________ The Sunnah guides Muslims’____________. o ____________ has other examples of Muhammad’s actions and ____________. o Treat guests with ____________. o Stay out of ________ when you can. o ____________ your ____________. o Islamic Law: o The Qur’an and Sunnah form the basis of ____________ Law called the ____________. o Define “Sharia”:____________________________________ _________________________________________________ o No ____________ between ____________ and daily ____________. o Sets ____________ for good behavior and ____________ for crimes. o In ____________ times, many countries ____________ Sharia with other ____________ systems. o Different Muslim ____________ have variations on Sharia. The Five Pillars of Islam: o Five acts of ____________ required of all ____________. o First pillar: Statement of ____________. At least once in their lives, Muslims must ____________ their ____________ by saying “There is not god but God, and ____________ is his ____________.” Often said during ____________ ____________. o Second pillar: Daily prayer. Must pray ________ times per day. Before sunrise, ____________, in late afternoon, right after ____________ and before going to ________. Call goes out from a ____________. Muslims try to pray ____________ when possible. o Third Pillar: Yearly donation to ____________. 14 Must pay part of their ____________ to a religious official. ____________ money is used to help the poor, build mosques or pay ____________. o Fourth Pillar: Fasting Define “fasting”:_______________________________ ____________________________________________ o Muslims fast during the month of ____________. o Fast between dawn and ________. o Fifth Pillar: Pilgrimage to Mecca Must travel to ____________ at least once in their lives if they are able to. Visit the ____________ in Mecca. o Define “Kaaba”:___________________________ ________________________________________ o Define “Hajj”:_____________________________ ________________________________________ 15 16 Separation of Church and State: Four Case Studies Directions: Read the “First Amendment History” and each of the four case studies in the Church and State packet. Chose a case study and use this page for your response to the prompt in your case study. Case study you chose (number):______ Title of case study you chose:_____________________________________ Your response in outline form using the IRRROC format: I____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ R____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ R____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ R____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ O____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ C____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 17 Comparing the Abrahamic Religions Directions: Find the presentation “Comparing the Abrahamic Religions” under the “Work” tab of Mrs. Waite’s website (mrswaitesocialstudies.weebly.com). Read through the presentation and answer the questions below. Figure One: Which religion has the greatest number of followers? Second? What percentage of the world’s population is Jewish? Why do you think this is the case? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Figure Two: Which religion covers the most area? How can you explain the distribution of Christians and Muslims? Where would you guess the most conflict between Christians and Muslims lie? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Figure Three: Why is the Jewish distribution map in the form of dots? How does this relate to the Jewish Diaspora? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 18 Figure Four: What historical evidence can you give to explain the distribution of Catholics in the world? What meaning can you make of Spain? The United States? Sub-Saharan Africa? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Figure Five: What do you take away from this figure? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Figure Six: What cultural differences exist between Shia and Sunni Muslims? How can you explain the difference between US relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 19 Fundamentals of Abrahamic Religions Directions: Use the table below for important information on each of the Abrahamic faiths. Judaism Christianity Islam Founder Holy book(s) Place of worship Leaders 20