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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REVIEW SHEET
Type of Control
Neural
Neural
Stimulus (stimuli)
for secretion
Hormone
Hormonal
GHRH (from hypothalamus)
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin (OT)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Smooth muscle of uterus;
breast
Target tissue(s)
Mechanism of
interaction w/ cell
Hormonal
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Breast (mammary glands)
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Stimulates contraction of
smooth muscle in uterus
(during childbirth) and
ducts of breast (in lactating
female)
Action(s)
Inhibition
Low blood electrolytes
Disorders
Diabetes insipidus
(hyposecretion) resulting in
increased urine production
(water loss), dehydration;
SIADH (hypersecretion)
resulting in water retention
leading to hypertension
Prolactin (PRL)
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Stimulates production of
milk by mammary glands
PIH (from hypothalamus;
stim. by rising PRL and
estrogen levels)
Gigantism (hyper.) resulting
in excessive growth;
acromegaly (hyper)
resulting in growth of soft
tissues; pituitary dwarfism
(hypo) resulting in small
stature
Hyperprolactinemia (hyper.)
resulting in galactorrhea
(milk production in nonlactating female), lack of
menses, infertility in
women; impotence in men
Type of Control
Hormonal
Stimulus (stimuli)
for secretion
TRH
Hormone
Thyroid Stim. Hormone
(TSH)
Hormonal
Hormonal
GnRH (from hypothalamus)
Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone (FSH)
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Stimulates production of
corticosteroids from
adrenal cortex, especially
glucocorticoids
Female - stimulates
development of ovarian
follicles and oocytes;
stimulates secretion of
estrogens
Plasma membrane
receptors; 2nd messenger
Male - stimulates production
of sperm
Action(s)
Rising levels of cortisol
Inhibition
Disorders
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Ovaries (Female) / Testes
(male)
Target tissue(s)
Mechanism of
interaction w/ cell
Hormonal
Secondary hyperthyroidism;
secondary hypothyroidism
See aldosterone and
cortisol
Rising levels of gonadal
hormones and inhibin
Rising levels of gonadal
hormones and inhibin
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