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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REVIEW SHEET Type of Control Neural Neural Stimulus (stimuli) for secretion Hormone Hormonal GHRH (from hypothalamus) Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin (OT) Growth Hormone (GH) Smooth muscle of uterus; breast Target tissue(s) Mechanism of interaction w/ cell Hormonal Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Breast (mammary glands) Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in uterus (during childbirth) and ducts of breast (in lactating female) Action(s) Inhibition Low blood electrolytes Disorders Diabetes insipidus (hyposecretion) resulting in increased urine production (water loss), dehydration; SIADH (hypersecretion) resulting in water retention leading to hypertension Prolactin (PRL) Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Stimulates production of milk by mammary glands PIH (from hypothalamus; stim. by rising PRL and estrogen levels) Gigantism (hyper.) resulting in excessive growth; acromegaly (hyper) resulting in growth of soft tissues; pituitary dwarfism (hypo) resulting in small stature Hyperprolactinemia (hyper.) resulting in galactorrhea (milk production in nonlactating female), lack of menses, infertility in women; impotence in men Type of Control Hormonal Stimulus (stimuli) for secretion TRH Hormone Thyroid Stim. Hormone (TSH) Hormonal Hormonal GnRH (from hypothalamus) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Stimulates production of corticosteroids from adrenal cortex, especially glucocorticoids Female - stimulates development of ovarian follicles and oocytes; stimulates secretion of estrogens Plasma membrane receptors; 2nd messenger Male - stimulates production of sperm Action(s) Rising levels of cortisol Inhibition Disorders Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Ovaries (Female) / Testes (male) Target tissue(s) Mechanism of interaction w/ cell Hormonal Secondary hyperthyroidism; secondary hypothyroidism See aldosterone and cortisol Rising levels of gonadal hormones and inhibin Rising levels of gonadal hormones and inhibin