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Exploration UnitStudy Guide Answers • 1. Crusades, Pope Urban II, Holy Land, Muslim Turks • 2. a) new inventions and innovations b) expanded trade c) growth of cities, end of feudalism • 3. silk, spices, tea, cotton, sugar, gold • 4. Silk Road took a long time to travel very expensive dangerous; thieves and bandits • 5. Copernicus •Heliocentric (sun- centered) Solar system Galileo •Telescope (improved) •Heliocentric Solar system •Rate of Falling Objects •Thermometer Newton •Calculus •Optics (colors study) •Law of Gravity • 6. Renaissance, Europe • 7. spices fame and glory spread their religion colonies • 8. caravel, better maps, compass, astrolabe • 9. Portugal • 10. Prince Henry mapmakers, astronomers, and ship builders • 11. Dias sailed in 1488 for Portugal. first to reach the southern tip of Africa. • Da Gama sailed in 1498 for Portugal. first to sail to Asia around Africa. • Cabral sailed in 1500 for Portugal. first to land in South America. Continued on to sail to Asia. • 12. Spain, Africa, Atlantic, Asia • 13. Columbus sailed in 1492 for Spain. goals- find a sea route to Asia. plan- sail west into the Atlantic results- landed in New World (although unaware ) • 14. Amerigo disagreed with Columbus and argued that new continents were discovered. The Americas were named in his honor. • 15. Magellan sailed in 1519 for Spain. goals- find a sea route to Asia around the New World. plan- sail west into the Atlantic results- the Pacific is a huge ocean (18 crew members survived to circumnavigate the globe. ) • 16. Cabot sailed in 1497 for England. Canada claimed it for England • 17. Verrazano sailed in 1524 for France. of U.S. , more detailed maps • 18. the Netherlands and England a northern sea route connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. • 19. trade increased inventions and advances new lands discovered and settled • 20. Tough conditions on the boats native people were not all friendly slave trade begins