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European Explorers/Conquistadors PORTUGAL Henry the Navigator• Portuguese Prince. • Established a school of Navigation in Portugal. Sponsored expeditions to chart Atlantic coast to Africa. Wished to establish direct access to gold in Arab nations. (Middle East). 1. Bartholomew Dias (1488) • Sailed around Cape of Good Hope and around • the southern tip of Africa. He turned his ship around after he sailed around the tip and did not continue. 2. Vasco da Gama (1498) • Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and eastwards all the way to India. – First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean. 3. Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500) • Intended to follow up da Gama’s voyage to India, his ship was blown off course and landed in Brazil. • Portugal was able to claim Brazil because of this voyage and as a result of the… • * Line of Demarcation-Line drawn by the pope. Any land east of the line belonged to Portugal. Any land west of the line belonged to Spain • Treaty of Torsedillas- the Pope drew a line north to south in the New World, splitting it between Portugal and Spain. Spain received Religious Motivations for Exploration • “God, Gold, Glory”- One • of the motives for exploration was to spread Christianity. Each nation used religion as a chance to prove they sailed on God’s authority (which would make them seem more powerful) •French North Roman America Catholicism • Spanish Empire (Mexico through South America) •Portuguese Empire (Brazil) Protestant Christianity •Church of England •Refugees from European Persecution (Pilgrims, Puritans) 4. Amerigo Vespucci (1497)• Italian Navigator, but • sailed under Portugal’s flag, also. Explored the Coast of South America. First to discover that Americas separate from Asia. – “Americas” named after him. SPAIN 5. Christopher Columbus (1492) • Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Wished to find East Indies. • Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically remembered as man who discovered America. • Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had achieved his goal of landing in the Indies. 6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519) • From Portugal, but sailed for Spain. • Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of • Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World. Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm and peaceful. 7. Hernan Cortes (1519)• Sailed from Cuba to • Mexico. Discovered and conquered Aztecs. 8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530) Sailed from Panama to Peru and conquered Incan Empire. ENGLAND 9. John Cabot (1497) • Discovered Newfoundland and New England. • Gave England its first claim in North America. – His voyage was the beginning of England’s sphere of influence in North America. FRANCE 10. Jaques Cartier (1534) • Made several voyages to North America • explored much territory in North America (Louisiana Territory) • Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade, but France quickly lost influence in New World. Assignment • Take the map you have been given and draw the routes that each European explorer took. Make sure you have a map key that specifies which explorer sailed for which country and, if you use colors or various types of lines, that you provide a map key.