Download Fivemile Butte Rangeland Health Assessment

STANDARDS FOR RANGELAND HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR
FIVEMILE BUTTE ALLOTMENT #0426
Allotment Overview
Fivemile Butte #0426
Location: See Attached Map
7.5 Minute Topographic Map: St. Patricks Mtn, Ana River, Diablo Peak, Bull
Lake, Sharp Top, Loco Lake, South of Ana River, Slide Mtn., Paisley
AUMs of Authorized Use: 1,021 AUMs
Permitted Seasons: Spring
Grazing System: Sp,Su
Allotment Category: I
Total Acres: 41,815 BLM acres 1,216 Private acres 43,031 Total acres
Grazing Management: A rest rotation type system with grazing the Seeding
pasture one year and the then the two native pastures the next year. The grazing
season runs from the middle of March to June I.
•
Standard 1 - Upland Watershed Function
Upland soils exhibit infiltration and permeability rates, moisture storage, and stability that
are appropriate to soil, climate, and landform.
Meets Standard
An indicator of Upland Watershed condition is plant composition and community structure.
Current plant composition is compared to a defined Potential Natural Plant Community for the
identified soil type and precipitation zone. Using the Ecological Site Inventory, the percent of the
allotment in each seral stage is summarized in the table below.
Table 1. ECOLOGICAL CONDITION RATING Five Mile Butte Allotment
Percent seral stage
Seral Stage
Percent comparability to Potential
Natural Community
Early
0-25%
Mid
26-50%
Late
51-75%
28%
PNC
76-100%
15%
Rock outcrops
and Unknown*
17%
11%
29%
-
•
The unknown acres are the inclusions within a vegetation community that include
transition areas and plant communities too small to be mapped separately.
The current condition ofthe allotment is favorable with 43% of the allotment either in the Late
seral or PNC stage. This indicates that a significant portion of the allotment has the plant
composition and structure that would be expected in these ecological sites . Only the seeding
pasture has a significant percentage (59%) in the early seral stage which is dominated by
cheatgrass following the wildfire in 1983 (Appendix C).
Another indicator used to evaluate this standard is the Soil Surface Factor (SSF). Soil Surface
Factor (SSF) is an indicator of accelerated erosion and is a method of documenting observations
regarding erosion. Factors used in the rating process are: soil movement, surface litter, surface
rock, pedestalling, flow patterns, rills and gullies. An erosion condition class is assigned based
on 0-100 scale. A copy of the form used to document SSF is attached (Appendix B,
"Determination of Erosion Condition Class").
-:
•
The following tables show the SSF classes for the allotment. The majority.of'the allotment is in
the moderate class and this condition is found in all three pastures with the worst conditions in
the west pasture (Appendix D). The west pasture has 21% in the critical class, however all the
acres in the critical class are within the Greasewood dominated types. These greasewood types
have high erosion potential as part of their natural condition, as 80% of the greasewood acres in
the critical class are also rated in Potential Natural Condition (PNC). The PNC rating is the best
ecological condition rating as seen in Appendix C. Therefore high soil erosion is part of these
sites naturally and is not the result of the current grazing management.
Table 2
SOIL SURFACE FACTOR Five Mile Butte Allotment
Percent of
Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF)
allotment
Stable
Slight
Moderate
Critical Severe
Vezetation
I 75%
Unknown or
Rock
125%
outcrop
A more detailed breakdown ofthe SSF can be found in Appendix D (attached) summarizing the
Ecological Site Inventory (EST) data by pasture within the allotment.
•
Standard 2 - RiparianlWetland Watershed Function - Riparian-wetland areas are in
properly functioning physical condition appropriate to soil, climate, and landform.
Meets Standard
There are 1,676 acres of Palustrine and 2,559 acres of Lacustrine and all are in Properly
Functioning Condition.
Standard 3 - Ecological Processes - Healthy, productive, and diverse plant and animal
appropriate to soil, climate, and landform are supported by ecological processes of nutrient
cycling, energy flow, and the hydrologic cycle. populations and communities
Meets Standard
•
•
As stated earlier a significant portion of the allotment (43%) is in the late seral stage and this
indicates the allotment has a productive and diverse plant community. The Observed Apparent
Trend (OAT) (Table 3) indicates that most of the allotment is static (63%). The static trend
(Tables 3-6) combined with the Late and Mid seral stages indicates the plant communities in
most of the allotment are healthy, productive and diverse. The static trend also shows the nutrient
cycling, energy flows and hydrological cycles are functioning properly and this indicates the
better condition range sites are not be negatively impacted by current grazing management. Most
of the sites with a downward trend rating (Table 5), are sites with only Sagebrush, or sites
infested with cheatgrass or rabbitbrush. All of these sites were impacted by historical grazing
and the wildfire in 1983and can not be restored without major rehabilitation efforts.
Table 3 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND Five Mile Butte Allotment
Percent of
Percent in each Observed A parent Trend Category (OAT)
allotment
Upward
Static
Downward
Vegetation I 78%
Unknown or
122%
Rock
outcro
Table 4 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND East Pasture
Percent of
Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT
allotment
Upward
Static
Downward
Vegetation I 85%
Unknown or
Rock
115%
outcro
•
Table 5 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND Seeding Pasture
Percent of
Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT)
allotment
Upward
Static
Downward
Vegetation I 81%
Unknown or
I 19%
Rock
outcro
Table 6
OBSERVED APPARENT TREND West Pasture
Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT)
Percent of
allotment
Upward
Static
Downward
Vegetation I 65%
Unknown or
Rock
135%
outcro
•
•
•
There are 4 photo trend plots in the allotment and two in the Seeding pasture and two in the East
Pasture. The trend for all four is similar with the first photos in 1985 showing a burned pasture
with no remaining vegetation. The seeding appeared to be healthy and productive later in the
1980's and through 2004, with variation through the years probably due to grazing levels and
precipitation. There is one frequency trend plot in the East pasture and the ground cover and
frequency of individual plant species listed below (Table 7). This frequency transect indicates an
increase in the vegetation ground cover between 1989 and 2004. The frequency data also
illustrates a large variation in bottlebrush squirreltail, probably as a result of precipitation with no
significant change in the presence of other perennial grasses, Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass and Sandberg's bluegrass. This indicates a static trend in the vegetation composition
except for the increase in rabbitbrush frequency between 1989 and 2004. This is an expected
response for a Wyoming sagebrush/grass site recovering from a fire. In a Wyoming
sagrebrush/grass site, rabbitbrush is often the first shrub to occupy the site, and often for several
years .
•
TABLE 7
FIVE MILE BUTTE ALLOTMENT
NESTED FREQUENCY SUMMARY
EAST NATIVE PASTURE STUDY PLOT: FMB-05
"
YEAR
'BAREGROUND.
' COBBLHi
LITTER"
VEGETATION
f'~
.
19 89
28%
24%
43%
3%
1994,
22%
20%
39%
19%
'"
F:RJ;:QUENCY
,S:U: UY
POSE
STTH
AGSP
STCq.· ·
BRTE
CHVI
>ii'
1999
57%
13%
0%
30%
33%
31%
80%
7%
8%
- 85%
22%
~
-­
81'
18%
50%
78%
9%
19%
98%
40%
45%
9%
35%
78%
10%
-
- -­
2 0 0 3 "~~."
37%
24%
17%
22%
..
•
~
,
,.
19%
46%
85%
6%
8%
68%
52%
Wildlife Report
Standard 3 is being met for animal populations.
This area supports healthy diverse wildlife populations that are appropriate for the type of
habitats available within this allotment. Wildlife populations within non-native seedings and
heavily infested cheatgrass areas are not as diverse as they could be if they were in a late seral
stage community or better ecological condition. They do, however, still have adequate levels of
species diversity to remain functional. This standard is currently being met from the aspect of
wildlife populations and diversity.
Botantist Report
The western part of this allotment consists of the desert scrub plant community and low sand
dunes from the lakebed of Summer Lake. The eastern part is in good condition, except for a few
isolated acres of heavy cheat grass infestation around water holes. Water hole developments and
fence changes in the past 5 years have improved water use impacts and lessened over use of
some areas.
•
•
Weeds Report
Noxious weeds are known to occur in the allotment. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) and
Mediterranean sage (Salvia aethiopsis) are sparsely scattered over a large area in the eastern half
of the allotment. Both species have been under treatment for several years. The known infested
areas will continue to be treated primarily by manual methods, in accordance with the Resource
Area Integrated Weed Management Program EA #OR-OIO-2004-03. Annual inventories in this
area for noxious weeds will continue.
Standard 4 - Water Quality
Surface water and groundwater quality, influenced by agency actions, complies with State
water quality standards.
Meets Standard
There is no perennial water in the allotment.
Standard 5 - Native, T&E, and Locally Important Species
•
Habitats support healthy, productive, and diverse populations and communities of native
plants and animals (including special status species and species of local importance)
appropriate to soil, climate, and Jandform.
Wildlife Report
Standard 5 is being met for native, T&E and Jocally important wildlife species in the #426
Five Mile Butte AJJotment.
Special status wildlife species or their habitats that are present within these allotments include
the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis), peregrine falcon
(Falco peregrinus), burrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia), western snowy plover (Charadrius
alexandrinus), sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), and pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus
idahoensis). There are also three species with high public interest. These are mule deer
(Odocoileus hemionus), California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and pronghorn antelope
(Antilocapra americana).
•
There is no nesting habitat and only marginal foraging habitat within this allotment for bald
eagle or peregrine falcon. There are no bald eagle or peregrine falcon sightings within the
vicinity of the allotment; however it is suspected that they are occasional visitors to the area.
There is some marginal nesting habitat available for ferruginous hawks on some of the higher
cliff faces. No surveys have been conducted for ferruginous hawk and no incidental sightings of
ferruginous hawk exist within the vicinity of this allotment. Ferruginous hawk foraging habitat
exists through much of the allotment. There are no known resource conflicts for peregrine
falcons, ferruginous hawks or bald eagles.
•
Burrowing owls have not been observed within this allotment. Inventories for burrowing owls
were conducted in nearby allotments in 2000 and only occasional sighting were documented.
There are no known resource conflicts for this species.
Western snowy plover could occur in this allotment. They are most closely associated with the
playa lakebed and lake edge surrounding Summer Lake. Nesting occurs on open playas. There
are no known resource conflicts in this allotment for this species.
Habitat is present for pygmy rabbits, but no known locations exist within the allotment for them.
No inventories have been conducted for pygmy rabbits within the allotment and there are no
sightings within the surrounding area. It is suspected that they may occur within portions of the
allotment. There are no known resource conflicts for these species.
Bighorn sheep inhabit the eastern part of the allotment. There is little overlap in range between
bighorns and cattle within the allotment. Bighorn sheep primarily graze on the steep slopes and
rim's that are typically unused by livestock . No major conflicts exist between bighorn sheep and
cattle grazing within these allotments.
•
Pronghorn antelope are common within portions of the allotment and surrounding areas.
Pronghorn use is concentrated in portions of this allotment where sagebrush is less dense and
around crested wheatgrass seedings. No major conflicts exist between pronghorn and cattle
grazing within this area.
Mule deer inhabit much of the area, but are widely spread and in low numbers. No high
concentrations of wintering mule deer inhabit this allotment. No conflicts exist between mule
deer and cattle grazing within this allotment. Bitterbrush is sparse but there is sagebrush browse
available within the allotment.
There are no known sage-grouse lek sites within the allotment. There are however several
known historic leks and active leks within 10 miles of the allotment. Current sage-grouse
habitats within these allotments contain no nesting habitats. Brood rearing habitats make up 4%
and winter habitats 24%. The other 72% of the allotment contains areas that are considered non­
suitable for sage-grouse. These areas are considered non-suitable because of the abundance of
salt desert-shrub communities and lack of big sagebrush cover over much of the allotment. It is
estimated that 20% of the area has the potential to be sage-grouse nesting habitat and 14% has
the potential to be winter habitat. The remaining 66% has no potential to be sage-grouse habitat
because of the lack of big sagebrush cover and understory grasses and forbs. In order to reach the
potential sage-grouse habitats for this allotment, restoration work and time devoted to restore
native understory grasses and to reduce cheat grass would have to occur. No major conflicts exist
between cattle grazing and sage-grouse within this allotment at this time.
•
Big sagebrush habitats were assessed for sage-grouse and other sagebrush dependant species
according to the methods described in Karl and Sadowski (2005). Class 1 is grassland; there is
no big sagebrush canopy cover. Class 2 has a trace to 5 percent big sagebrush canopy cover.
Class 3 has greater than 5 percent to 15 percent big sagebrush canopy cover. Class 4 has greater
than 15 percent up to 25 percent big sagebrush canopy cover and class 5 has greater than 25
•
percent big sagebrush canopy cover. These canopy classes were designed to complement
existing rangeland ecology and provide a simple way to portray big sagebrush structural
conditions important to wildlife.
Of the area in this allotment that has the potential to be big sagebrush habitat (classes 1-5); there
is 72% that falls within classes 3-5. Classes 3-5 as described in Objective 1 described by Hagen
(2005), determines that retaining 70% or more of habitat in sagebrush class 3, 4 or 5 with
emphasis on classes 4 and 5 will benefit sage-grouse and other sagebrush associated species.
The remaining 28% (classes 1 and 2) of this allotment is non-sagebrush, shrubland, and
grassland that potentially can be rehabilitated or enhanced. Based on the 70/30 split outlined in
the Oregon sage-grouse plan all objectives for this allotment to maintain and/or enhance current
sage-grouse habitat are being met.
Overall, this standard is being met for wildlife species within this allotment. The abundance of
cheatgrass and amount of salt desert-shrub communities appear to be the limiting factors for
sage-grouse and most sagebrush dependant wildlife species. Efforts to improve this standard
should focus on maintaining existing sagebrush habitats and restoration of understory grasses.
References Cited
•
Hagen, c.A. 2005. Greater sage-grouse conservation assessment and strategy for Oregon: a plan
to maintain and enhance populations and habitat. Oregon Department ofFish and Wildlife,
Salem, USA.
Karl, M. and J. Sadowski. 2005. Assessing big sagebrush at multiple spatial scales : An example
in southeast Oregon. Technical Note 417. BLMlST/ST-05/001 +4400. Bureau of Land
Management, Denver, CO. 41 pp.
Botantist Report
This area has been surveyed for Bureau special status plants and no plants were found. At this
point in time, there are no known Bureau special status plants found within the allotment. Special
Status Plants: None found, none suspected. Meets standard.
PJant species present:
Grasses:
Pseudoroegneria spicata (Agrophyron spicatum)
Leymus cinereus (Elymus cinereus)
Leymus triticoides (Elymus triticoides)
Ericameria nauseosa (Chyrsothamnus nauseoss)
•
Shrubs:
Atriplex conferifolia
•
Artemisia tridentata (basin)
Sarcobatus vermiculatus
Lucile A. Housley
16 November 2005
CURRENT MANAGEMENT AND RECENT MANAGEMENT CHANGES
The current management is to graze the allotment using a rest rotation type system where the
seeding pasture will be grazed one year and rested the next. The two native pastures will be
grazed the year the seeding pasture is rested and rested the year the seeding pastures is grazed.
The grazing season is mid March to June 1st and this allows for use on the crested wheatgrass
seeding and the cheatgrass when both are green and most palatable. By being offby June it limits
use on the native species and allows for regrowth during the summer and fall.
•
•
•
Team Members
Les Boothe
Alan Munhall
Vern Stofleth
Lucile Housley
Bill Cannon
Todd Forbes
Robert Hopper
Erin McConnell
Title
Range Management Specialist
Fishery Biologist
Wildlife Biologist
Botantist
Archaeo logist
Supervisory NRS
Supervisory RMS
Weed Management Specialist
Determination
(X)
Existing grazing management practices or levels of grazing use on the Fivemile
Butte Allotment promote achievement of significant progress towards the Oregon
Standards for Rangeland Health and conform with the Guidelines for Livestock
Grazing Management.
o
Existing grazing management practices or levels of grazing use on the Fivemile
Butte Allotment will require modification or change prior to the next grazing
season to promote achievement of the Oregon Standards for Rangeland Health
and conform with the Guidelines for Livestock Grazing Management.
\.....Tom
L
c~
Rasmussen
7/~~(;
Date
Area Manager, Lakeview Resource Area
I
I'
Appendix C (continued)
ECOLOGICAL CONDITION RATING WEST PASTURE TOTAL
Seral Stage
Percent comparability to Potential
Natural Community
Early
0-25%
Mid
26-50%
Late
51-75%
29%
PNC
76-100%
21%
Rock outcrops,
Playas and
Unknown *
Percent seral stage
5%
15%
30%
* The unknown acres are the inclusions within a vegetation community that include
transition areas and plant communities too small to be mapped separately.
•
Appendix D.
Percent of
Pasture
SSF EAST PASTURE TOTAL
Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF)
Stable
I Slight
I Moderate
I Critical I Severe
Vegetation
I 84%
Unknown or
Rock
116%
outcro
Percent of
Pasture
SSF SEEDING PASTURE TOTAL
Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF)
Stable
I Slight
I Moderate
I Critical I Severe
Vegetation 181%
Unknown or
119%
Rock
outcro
•
Percent of
Pasture
Vegetation
Unknown,
Playa or
Rock
outcro
•
171%
129%
SSF WEST PASTURE TOTAL
Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF)
Stable
I Slight
I Moderate I Critical I Severe
1%
17%
48%
32%
o
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,- 3,5-15% sagebrush 28%
2. Sparse 5%
D o,No Potential 61%
EEl 1, GrassLand 6%
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