Download Systems of the Human Body PowerPoint

Your Body’s
Organ
Systems
Introduction to the body systems
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Nervous
Endocrine
Immune
Reproductive
12 Different Organ Systems
Together these 12 organ systems carry out
the functions of the body.
Together they maintain homeostasis within
your body…
What is homeostasis??
Cellular Organization in Living
Things

Cells – Smallest functional and structural unit of all living
organisms.

Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform a
specific job.

Organ – A structure that is made up of two or more
tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Organ System – A group of organs working together to
perform a particular function.
Cellular Organization in Living
Things
Example: Circulation
Cells  Tissue  Organ  Organ System
Skeletal
When you hear the word skeleton, you
may think of the remains of something
that has died. But your skeleton is not
dead. It is very much alive!
What makes up your skeletal
system?
 Bones
 Cartilage
 Connective
Tissue
Bones of the Skeletal System
 Main Functions
1. Support and protects your body parts
2. Maintain homeostasis by storing minerals
3. Making blood cells
4. Movement
 Interactions with other systems:
1. Works with your muscular system so you can move
Bone Structure
 Made
of connective tissue and minerals
 Made
up of joints
 Joints
are held together by
ligaments – strong elastic bands of
connective tissue
Muscular
Have you ever tried to sit still, without
moving any muscles at all, for one minute?
It’s impossible! Somewhere in your body,
muscles are always working.
 Primary
Function: Allow you
to move!
Types of Muscles
Three different kinds in your body:

1.
2.
3.
Skeletal – Enables bones to move and
protects inner organs
Smooth – Found in the walls of your blood
vessels and digestive tract
Cardiac – Found only in your heart and
pumps blood around the body
Muscle Movement
 Voluntary
– Muscle movement under your
control
– Muscle movement not under
your control
 Involuntary
 Muscles
cause bones to move when the
muscles pull on the bones!!
Circulatory System

Your heart, blood, and
blood vessels make up your
Circulatory system.
(Note: It is also called the cardiovascular
system)

Primary Functions
1.
2.
3.
Maintain homeostasis
Carries nutrients to and
removes wastes from your
cells
Carries chemical signals
called hormones throughout
your body
Main parts of the circulatory
system

Heart – Pumps blood using cardiac muscle through your blood
vessels

Arteries – Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Oxygenated blood

Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange
between body cells and blood

Veins – Blood vessels that carry blood back towards the heart. Unoxygenated blood

Blood – A connective tissue made up of plasma, red blood cells,
platelets, and white blood cells
Pathway of Circulation
Blood in your body always follows the same
pathway. From your…
Heart  Lungs  Heart  Body
Respiratory System
Breathing – you do it all the time. You’re
doing it right now. You hardly ever think
about it, though, unless you suddenly can’t
breathe
You have to breathe in order to live! Your
body needs oxygen in order to get energy
from the foods you eat.
Respiratory System
 Primary
Function:
To absorb oxygen and
release carbon
dioxide from your
lungs
Respiration

Respiration – The process by which a
body gets and uses oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide and water

Respiration is divided into two parts:


Breathing – Inhaling and exhaling
Cellular respiration – chemical reactions that
release energy from food
Main parts of the Respiratory
System






Nose
Trachea
Trachea
Lungs
Lung
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Bronchus
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Digestive System
A group of organs that work together to
break down food (digestion) you eat into
nutrients that can be absorbed into your
body.
Main Functions




Breaks down food
Returns nutrients to the blood stream
(circulatory system)
Breaks down toxins
Removes waste
Main Parts of the Digestive System







Mouth
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Excretory System
 Primary

Function:
Cleans the blood by removing waste products
(urea and water)
Urinary system removed wastes by producing
urine


Filters harmful substances from the blood
Regulates the body’s fluids
Excretory System Main Parts
 Kidneys
 Urinary bladder
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is… the maintenance of a
constant internal state in a changing
environment.
Remember: Your body gets used to cold
water because is returns to homeostasis…
Integumentary System
 What makes up your integumentary system?
Skin
Hair
Nails
 Primary Function – Protection!
This is part of your body's First Line of defense against
disease!!
 Secondary Function - Helps you maintain homeostasis
Is skin dead or alive?
If you said both, then you are correct!!
Skin is made up of both alive and dead
cells!!
Skin helps you…





Keep water inside your body and keeps foreign
objects out of your body
Keeps you in touch with the outside world, and
nerve endings help you feel things around you
Helps regulate your bodies temperature
(structures called sweat glands help release
heat)
Helps protect the body’s organs
Get rid of wastes
What are the different layers of
your skin?

There are two main layers:
1. Epidermis – Outermost layer (thinner). Made up of
epithelial tissue which protects and covers the underlying
tissue.
2. Dermis – Beneath the epidermis (thicker layer). Made
up of connective tissue.

Think: When you are looking at the surface of your skin,
you are looking at ____________ tissue.
Hair and Nails
Similar to skin… hair and nails are made of
both living and dead cells…
Hair is made up of layers of dead, tightly
packed keratin-filled cells.
Endocrine System
 Primary


Functions:
Regulates body processes, such as fluid
balance, growth, and development through the
use of glands and hormones (chemical
messengers).
Feedback mechanisms tell the endocrine
glands when to turn hormones on and off
Endocrine System

The Pituitary gland is also
referred to as the "master
gland".
 It administers the
functions of the endocrine
system.
 The endocrine system
uses negative feedback
which is similar to how a
thermostat works.
animation
Nervous System
Which of the following activities do NOT
involve your nervous system: playing a
musical instrument, reading a book,
running, or sleeping?
Trick question!! All of these activities involve
your nervous system. Your nervous
system controls almost EVERYTHING you
do!
Nervous System
 Primary

Function:
Send and receive electrical signals or
messages from the body
Structure of a nerve cell.
Your nervous system is divided into
two systems within one…

Central Nervous System (CNS) – Made up of
your brain and spinal cord; it processes and
responds to all messages coming from the
PNS; Acts as the control center for your body

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Made up
nerves; it connects the all parts of the body to
the CNS; Acts as the
messenger carrying
information to and
from the CNS
Main Parts of the CNS
Brain – Made up of the
cerebrum, cerebellum, and
medulla


Protected by your skull!
Spinal Cord – The nerve fibers
inside your spinal cord allow
your brain to communicate with
your PNS


Protected by vertebrae!
Two types of neurons (nerves)

Sensory neurons – They allow you to
experience a sense of touch by direct
contact with you skin on objects and
sends the information to the CNS

Motor neurons – Send impulses from the
brain and spinal cord to tissues and
glands
Lymphatic
A group of organs and tissues that collect the
excess fluid and return it to your circulatory
system by the lymphatic system.

Main Functions:


Collect and return fluids to your blood stream
Helps your body fight pathogens (disease producing
organisms)
Main parts of the Lymphatic
System

Blood vessels

Lymph Nodes (tissues that
filter bacteria and diseasecausing organisms in
lymph)

Lymph (leaked fluids from
the circulatory system)
Lymphatic System Review
Questions
1.
2.
3.
How is the lymphatic System related to the
Circulatory System? Answer: It carries excess
fluid back to the circulatory system (blood
vessels)
What are the two main functions of the
lymphatic system? Answer: Collect and carry
fluids back to the blood stream and help fight
diseases (pathogens)
A doctor analyzes a person’s lymph nodes
when the person is sick. What is one role of
the lymph nodes? Answer: Filter disease
causing microorganisms from the lymph
Immune System
 Primary


Helps protect the
body from disease
Cells, called
antibodies, respond
to disease-causing
agents (pathogens)
 Two


Function:
types
Active
Passive