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The Sun and Its Domain
Warm Up Questions
CPS Questions (1-2)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Chapter Overview
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The Sun and Its Domain
The Terrestrial Planets
The Outer Planets
Dwarf Planets, Comets, Asteroids, and
Kuiper Belt Objects
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Lesson Overview
 The Sun’s Energy
 The Sun’s Core, Atmosphere, and
Sunspots
 The Solar System’s Structure
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Quick Write
What are some of the differences in the
way you regard the Sun, and the way
an ancient Egyptian teenager would
have regarded it?
(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Sun’s Energy
 Hermann von Helmholtz
and Lord Kelvin proposed
that the source of the
Sun’s energy was a very
slow gravitational
contraction
 Scientists began
considering that mass can
be converted to energy,
and energy into mass
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy SOHO-EIT
Consortium/ESA/NASA
The Nuclear Fusion Power
of the Sun
An atom’s nucleus is made up of protons,
positively charged particles; and
neutrons, particles with no electrical
charge
In nuclear fusion, two nuclei combine to
form a larger nucleus. They “fuse.”
Primary source of the Sun’s energy is a
series of nuclear fusion reactions
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Sun’s Core, Atmosphere,
and Sunspots
 The equilibrium conditions
in the Sun are known as
hydrostatic equilibrium
 Great pressures at the
center of the Sun pushes
protons close enough together
that hydrogen fusion can take place
 Fusion reactions in the core provide a heat
source
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Three Modes of
Solar Energy Transfer
1. Conduction is the transfer of energy in a
solid by collisions between atoms and/or
molecules
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Three Modes of
Solar Energy Transfer, cont.
2. Convection occurs
when the atoms of a
warm liquid or gas
move from one place
to another
3. Radiation is the
transfer of energy by
electromagnetic
waves
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Three Layers of the
Sun’s Atmosphere
1. Photosphere is the visible part of the
Sun and that part of the solar
atmosphere that emits light
2. Chromosphere is the region between
the photosphere and the corona
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
The Three Layers of the
Sun’s Atmosphere, cont.
3. Corona is the outermost portion of the
Sun’s atmosphere
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
1988 © University Corporation for
Atmospheric Research
The Solar Wind
Solar wind is a
continuous outflow of
charged particles from
the Sun
Moving at about 249
miles per second near
Earth, it plays a
significant role in
space weather activity
Chapter 3, Lesson 1/
Courtesy of Marshall Space Flight
Center/NASA
The Impact of Sunspots and
Solar Flares on Earth’s Climate
 Sunspots are the dark
spots appearing
periodically in groups
on the Sun’s surface
 A solar flare is an
explosion near or at
the Sun’s surface,
seen as an increase in
activity such as
prominences (bulges)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of NSO/AURA/NSF
The Solar System’s Structure
 The Sun more than 99 percent of the Solar
System’s mass
 10 times larger in diameter than Jupiter
 Sun’s diameter is about 862,000 miles
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Jupiter and Saturn: Courtesy of NASA
How the Solar System Formed
Evolutionary theory - how the solar system
came to be as part of a natural sequence
of events
Catastrophe theory refers to an unusual
event
Modern evolutionary theories - the
formation of the Solar System resulted
from gravitational forces and pressures on
heat and mass
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
How the Solar System
Formed, cont.
Conservation of
angular momentum an object will spin
more slowly as
resistance increases
and spin faster as
resistance decreases
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of D. Berry/STSCI AUL
Classifying Objects in the
Solar System
Four innermost planets – Mercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars – are called the terrestrial
planets
Next four planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune – are called the Jovian
planets
Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Classifying Objects in the
Solar System, cont.
A planet is a celestial body that
orbits the Sun
has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to
overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes
a nearly round shape
has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Learning Check
CPS Questions (3-4)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Activity 1: Sun BINGO Challenge
Randomly fill in the terms on your BINGO
card
Match the definition read by your instructor
with the term on your card and mark that
square
Call BINGO when you have five in a row
vertically, horizontally or diagonally
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Activity 2: Three Kinds of Energy
Transfer
Write each of the examples into the column
where it belongs
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Activity 3: Observing the Sun
We know a great deal about the Sun
through the many discoveries that
scientists have made. Think about how
you might view the Sun differently if you
did not have access to any scientific data.
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Technology Enrichment:
Solar Wind
Watch the videos and answer
the questions on the
worksheet
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Review
The Sun provides the light, heat and
energy that make life on Earth possible
In order for the Sun to produce its
enormous power, a large number of
fusions of hydrogen nuclei must take place
every second
The three layers of the Sun’s atmosphere
are photosphere, chromosphere, and
corona
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Review, cont.
Sunspots and solar flares impact Earth’s
climate
The Sun makes up more than 99% of the
Solar System’s entire mass
Theories that share common ideas about
how the solar system formed are:
evolutionary, catastrophe, and modern
evolutionary
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Review Questions
CPS Questions (5-6)
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Summary
 The Sun’s Energy
 The Sun’s Core, Atmosphere, and
Sunspots
 The Solar System’s Structure
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Next…
Done – The Sun and Its
Domain
Next – The Terrestrial
Planets
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
Courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics
Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of
Washington