Download 2. Verification test requirements

Name of wind power plant
Appendix 5.2
Wind power plants with a power output
greater than 25 MW
Technical regulation for grid connection TF
3.2.5
Version 4.1 of 30 September 2010
Appendix
5.2
All
Text
Template for TF 3.2.5 version 4.1
Version
Date
1.0
30/09/2010
Table of contents
1.
Terminology and definitions .............................................................. 4
2.
Verification test requirements ........................................................... 5
3.
Verification of tolerance of frequency and voltage deviations ................. 6
4.
Verification of electricity quality requirements ..................................... 9
5.
Verification of control and monitoring requirements ............................ 10
6.
Verification of protection requirements .............................................. 14
7.
Verification of data communication requirements ................................ 15
Doc: 840965625
2/16
To the reader
This commissioning report template contains guidelines for implementing a
commissioning test to verify that a wind power plant complies with the technical, functional and documentation requirements which wind power plants with
a rated output greater than 25 MW must comply with when they are connected
to the Danish power grid.
The report template is published by Energinet.dk and can be downloaded from
www.energinet.dk.
Doc: 840965625
3/16
1. Terminology and definitions
The terminology and definitions used must be specified in this chapter.
Doc: 840965625
4/16
2.
2.1
Verification test requirements
Introduction
A brief introduction must be given to the verification test. The scope of testing
(technical tasks and time required) must also be described.
Technically, the following must be verified:
- Tolerance of frequency and voltage deviations
- Electricity quality
- Control and monitoring
- Protection
- Data communication and exchange of signals
- Signal list
The precise ambient conditions and relevant conditions for each individual test
must be described, eg temperature, wind speed, wind direction, grid voltage,
grid frequency, etc.
The duration of the various tests must be indicated.
2.2
Test set-up
In this section, all verification set-ups, including a drawing illustrating how all
important system components as well as associated programs and auxiliary
tools are interlinked, must be described.
The version of all components, programs and auxiliary tools of any kind used in
the verification must also be stated in this section.
2.3
Test scope
The scope of each individual verification test must be stated, eg which tests or
subtests that have been chosen to verify a requirement.
If subtests are mutually interdependent, an account must be given of how possible impacts from previous tests have been minimised or are reflected in the
test results.
2.4
Test preconditions
All test preconditions (external and internal) must be stated for each individual
test. Examples of internal test preconditions include wind turbine configurations,
grid configuration, primary and secondary grid set-ups, maintenance condition,
etc.
All external preconditions relevant to the specific test must be stated, eg wind
speed, wind direction, turbulence level, grid voltage, grid frequency, etc.
2.5
Reference documents
In this section, all documents forming the basis of the test or being used during
testing must be listed.
Doc: 840965625
5/16
3.
Verification of tolerance of frequency and voltage
deviations
3.2
Normal operating conditions
R3.1
It must be possible to continuously start and operate a wind power plant engaged in normal production within the design limits and restricted by
the settings for over- and undervoltage protection
as described in section 6.
Verify that the wind power plant is capable of engaging in continuous production
within the limits stated.
R3.2
Automatic start of production is only allowed when
the voltage lies within the normal production area.
Verify that the wind power plant starts
automatically within the limits stated.
Verify that the wind power plant does
not start automatically when the limits
stated are exceeded.
R3.3
The overall requirements for active power production which a wind power plant must comply with in
case of frequency and voltage deviations can be
seen in Figure 4.
Verify that the wind power plant complies with the requirements stated for
production.
R3.4
The wind power plant must be designed to withstand sudden phase jumps of up to 20 in the
point of connection.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant stays connected to
the grid within the limits stated.
Verify that the wind power plant cuts off
the grid connection when the limits stated are exceeded.
R3.5
The wind power plant must supply normal production not later than 5 seconds after having returned
to the normal production area.
Verify by means of a simulation model
that the wind power plant complies with
the requirements stated for production.
Doc: 840965625
6/16
3.3
Abnormal operating conditions
3.3.1 Tolerance of voltage drops
R3.6
In the point of connection a wind power plant must
be able to withstand voltage drops down to 20% of
the voltage in the point of connection over a period
of minimum 0.5 seconds (line-to-line voltage for
the 50 Hz component) without disconnecting. The
requirements can be seen in Figure 5.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant stays connected to
the grid within the limits stated.
R3.7
The following requirements must be complied with
in the event of symmetrical and asymmetrical
faults, ie the requirements apply in case of faults
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant stays connected to
the grid within the limits stated.
in one, two or three phases (Figure 5, area A):
The wind power plant must stay connected to the
grid and uphold normal production.
R3.8
The following requirements must be complied with
in the event of symmetrical and asymmetrical
faults, ie the requirements apply in case of faults
in one, two or three phases (Figure 5, area B):
The wind power plant must stay connected to the
grid. The wind power plant must provide maximum
voltage support by supplying a controlled amount
of reactive power so that the wind power plant
helps to stabilise the voltage within the design
limits offered by the current technology, see Figure 6.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant stays connected to
the grid within the limits stated.
R3.9
The following requirements must be complied with
in case of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, ie
the requirements apply in case of faults in one,
two or three phases (Figure 5, area C): Disconnecting the wind power plant is allowed.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant stays connected to
the grid within the limits stated.
R3.10
In connection with fault sequences in area B, the
wind power plant must have a control function
capable of supplying a controlled amount of reactive power, as specified.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant supplies the power
specified within the limits stated.
R3.11
R3.12
Control must be as outlined in Figure 6 so that
the reactive power follows the control characteristic with a tolerance of ±20 % after 100 ms.
In Figure 5, area B, the supply of reactive power
has first priority, while the supply of active power
has second priority.
If possible, active power must be maintained during voltage drops, but a reduction in active power
within the design limits is acceptable, however.
Doc: 840965625
7/16
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant prioritises the supply of reactive power over the supply of
active power.
Verify by using a simulation model that
the wind power plant maintains the active power within the design limits stated.
3.3.2 Recurring faults in the public electricity supply network
R3.13
The wind power plant and compensation equipment must stay connected after faults in the
public electricity supply network, as specified in
Table 2.
Verify by using a simulation
model that the wind power plant
stays connected to the grid within the limits stated.
Verify that the wind power plant
cuts off the grid connection
when the limits stated are exceeded.
R3.14
The wind power plant's capacity must be sufficient to comply with the requirements specified
in Table 2 when at least two independent faults
of the types specified occur within two minutes.
Verify by using a simulation
model that the wind power plant
stays connected to the grid within the limits stated.
Verify that the wind power plant
cuts off the grid connection
when the limits stated are exceeded.
R3.15
The energy reserves provided by auxiliary
equipment such as emergency supply equipment, the hydraulic system and the pneumatic
system should be sufficient in order for the wind
power plant to operate with at least six independent faults of the types specified in Table 2
at 5-minute intervals.
Verify by using a simulation
model that the wind power plant
stays connected to the grid within the limits stated.
Verify that the wind power plant
cuts off the grid connection
when the limits stated are exceeded.
Doc: 840965625
8/16
4.
Verification of electricity quality requirements
R4.1
Type tests must be performed for each of the
wind turbine generator systems making up the
wind power plant in accordance with IEC 6140021. As a supplement to the type test, an emission model for the wind turbine generator systems may be provided for the purpose of determining high-frequency currents.
Performance of type test for
each wind turbine generator
system and emission model, if
any.
R4.2
For wind power plants with a power output
greater than 1.5 MW consisting of more than
one wind turbine generator system, a model for
the power infrastructure must be provided for
the purpose of determining high-frequency voltages.
Provision of emission model for
wind power plant.
R4.3
The wind power plant must not give rise to rapid
voltage changes d (%) exceeding the limit values specified in Table 3.
Verify that rapid voltage changes
caused by the wind power plant
do not exceed the limits stated.
R4.4
The maximum flicker contribution Plt and Pst
from wind power plants connected at the same
voltage level and to the same substation must
not exceed the limit values in Table 5.
Verify that the flicker emission
from the wind power plant does
not exceed the limits stated.
R4.5
The wind power plant is not allowed to emit
harmonics exceeding the limit values specified
in Tables 10, 11 and 12.
Verify that harmonics emitted
from the wind power plant do
not exceed the limits stated.
R4.6
The wind power plant is not allowed to emit
interharmonics exceeding the limit values specified in Table 16.
Verify that interharmonics emitted from the wind power plant
do not exceed the limits stated.
R4.7
The emission of currents with frequencies higher
than 2 kHz must not exceed 1% of the rated
current in any of the frequency groups.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the limit values for
the emission of frequencies
higher than 2 kHz in the same
way as it does where the emission of interharmonics are concerned.
Doc: 840965625
9/16
5.
Verification of control and monitoring requirements
5.1
General requirements
R5.1
After a wind power plant has been disconnected
due to a fault in the public electricity supply
network, the wind power plant must at the earliest reconnect automatically 3 minutes after the
voltage and the frequency once again lie within
the normal production area
Verify that the wind power plant
does not reconnect earlier than
specified.
R5.2
A wind power plant which was disconnected by
an external signal prior to a fault occurring in
the public electricity supply network must not
reconnect until the external signal has been
eliminated, and the voltage and the frequency
once again lie within the normal production area.
Verify that the wind power plant
does not reconnect earlier than
specified.
R5.3
All changes to setpoints and commands must be
recorded together with an identification of the
operator.
Verify that all recordings are
performed as specified.
R5.4
All changes to setpoints or commands for production changes must be time-stamped.
Verify that all recordings are
performed as specified.
5.2
Active power control functions
R5.5
In case of frequency deviations in the public
electricity supply network, the wind power plant
must be able to provide active power control in
order to stabilise the grid frequency.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for reactive power control.
R5.6
All frequency point settings must be indicated
with a resolution of minimum 1 mHz.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for resolution.
R5.7
The accuracy for measuring the grid frequency
must be ± 10 MHz or better.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the accuracy of frequency measuring.
R5.8
It must be possible to set the frequency control
function for all frequency points as shown in
Figure 8 and Figure 9. It must be possible to
set the frequencies fmin, fmax, as well as f1 to f7
to any value in the range of 50.00 Hz ± 3.00
Hz.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for set-up.
R5.9
If the active power is regulated downward below
Pmin, it is allowed to stop individual wind turbine
generator systems, and upward regulation
should not be commenced until the grid frequency is below f7.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for reactive power control.
R5.10
In case of grid frequencies above f5 upward
Verify that the wind power plant
Doc: 840965625
10/16
regulation should not be commenced until the
grid frequency is lower than f7.
complies with the requirements
stated for reactive power control.
R5.11
PDelta is the setpoint by which the current active
power has been reduced to provide upward regulation when the grid frequency falls.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for reactive power control.
R5.12
It must be possible to activate the frequency
control function in the interval from fmin to fmax.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the dynamic range.
R5.13
The wind power plant must be able to continuously regulate the active power to an arbitrary
value in the interval from 100% to at least 20%
of the rated power.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R5.14
The wind power plant must stay connected to
the public electricity supply network at mean
wind speeds below a predefined cut-out wind
speed. As regards wind speeds close to the cutout wind speed, the wind power plant must be
able to downward regulate the active power as
specified. When downward regulation is performed, it is allowed to shut down individual
wind turbine generator systems to ensure that
the load characteristic is followed as well as
possible.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R5.15
An absolute production constraint is used to
constrain the active power provided by a wind
power plant to a predefined absolute power limit
in the point of connection.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the control restraint
function.
R5.16
A Delta production constraint (spinning reserves) is used to constrain the active power
provided by a wind power plant to a required
constant value in proportion to the possible active power.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the control restraint
function.
R5.17
A power gradient constraint is used to limit the
maximum speed by which the reactive power
can change in the event of changes in wind
speed or to the setpoints for a wind power
plant.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the control restraint
function.
Doc: 840965625
11/16
5.3
Reactive power control functions
R5.18
The reactive power control functions are mutually exclusive, which means that only one function can be activated at a time.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for reactive power control.
R5.19
Q control is a control function which ensures
that constant reactive power is supplied independently of the active power in the point of
connection. It must be possible to change the Q
control using setpoints with a resolution of 1
kvar.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the Q control.
R5.20
Power factor regulation is a control function that
ensures variable reactive power in proportion to
the active power in the point of connection. The
gradient of the line is known as the power factor. It must be possible to change the power
factor using setpoints with a resolution of 0.001.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the power factor control.
R5.21
Voltage control is a control function that supports voltage stabilisation in the voltage reference point. Voltage control must be able to perform setpoints within minimum to maximum
voltage specified with a resolution of 0.1 kV.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for voltage control.
R5.22
It must be possible to set the droop of the voltage control for the area specified with a resolution of 1% and an accuracy of ±0.2%.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for voltage control.
R5.23
When the voltage has been regulated within the
wind power plant's dynamic design limits, the
control function must await possible overall control from a tap changer or other voltage control
functions.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for voltage control.
R5.24
The wind power plant must be designed in such
a way that the operating point can lie anywhere
within the hatched area shown in Figure 16
and Figure 17. During operation, the position
of the wind power plant's operating point may
be restricted on a pro rata basis by the actual
number of wind turbine generator systems in
operation.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
Doc: 840965625
12/16
5.4
System protection
R5.25
A wind power plant must be equipped with system protection, which is a control function that
must be able to automatically downward regulate the active power supplied by a wind power
plant to one or several predefined setpoints. The
number and value of the setpoints are determined by the distribution network operator upon
commissioning.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R5.26
Control after activation must be commenced as
quickly as technically possible. The control must
as a minimum be completed within 5 seconds of
receipt of the activation signal.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R5.27
The individual control functions of a wind power
plant must be ranked in order of priority vis-àvis each other. A priority 1 control function
takes precedence over a priority 2 control function etc. The order of priority recommended is
as follows:
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
1. System protection
2. Frequency control
3. Constraint functions
It must be possible to arrange the prioritisation
of control functions by means of commands.
5.8
Calculation of non-supplied active power
R5.28
As regards wind power plants subject to legislation on the payment of compensation in the
event of downward regulation being ordered as
described in the regulation 'Compensation for
offshore wind farms ordered to perform downward regulation', the wind turbine generator
system operator must provide the required signals
Doc: 840965625
13/16
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
6.
R6.1
Verification of protection requirements
Protective functions and their operational settings and function time must be as stated in
Table 20.
Doc: 840965625
14/16
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the protective function
by verifying that:
1. the wind power plant stays
connected to the grid within the
limits stated
2. the wind power plant's protective function cuts off the connection to the grid when the limits
stated are exceeded.
7.
Verification of data communication requirements
R7.1
The wind power plant must be prepared for receiving an external start signal (released) and
an external stop signal. The signals must be
accessible via commands in accordance with
specifications.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R7.2
It must be possible to obtain correct measurements and maintain data communication in all
situations, including when power plants are out
of operation and the grid is dead. A local backup supply must as a minimum ensure the logging of relevant measurements and data as well
as the controlled shut-down of the wind power
plant's control and monitoring system.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated for the function.
R7.3
All measurements and data relevant to recording and analysis must be logged with a time
stamp and an accuracy ensuring that such
measurements and data can be correlated with
each other and with similar recordings in the
public electricity supply network. The time
stamp must refer to UTC with a resolution and
an accuracy of minimum 10 ms. The UTC time
zone modifier is +1 hour for standard time (winter time) and +2 hours for daylight saving time
(summer time).
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
R7.4
For a wind power plant the information exchange must as a minimum be implemented in
a protocol stack in accordance with IEC 6140025-4, with mapping to IEC-60870-5-104. The
protocol stack must be implemented with support to at least two masters.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
R7.5
The specific requirements for information and
signals are specified in Appendix 4.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
Doc: 840965625
15/16
7.4
Fault incident recording
R7.6
The plant owner must install in the point of connection logging equipment capable of at least
recording the following information about the
wind power plant:
-
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
voltage for each phase
current for each phase
active power (can be calculated values)
reactive power (can be calculated values)
frequency (can be calculated
values)
R7.7
Logging must be performed as correlated time
series of measuring values from 10 seconds
before trigging until 60 seconds after trigging.
Minimum sample frequency for all fault loggings
must be 1 kHz.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
R7.8
All measurements and data relevant to recording and analysis must be logged with a time
stamp and an accuracy ensuring that such data
can be correlated with each other and with similar recordings in the public electricity supply
network. Time stamps must refer to UTC and
have a resolution of 1 ms and an accuracy of 10
ms. The UTC time zone modifier must be +1
hour for standard time (winter time) and +2
hours for daylight saving time (summer time).
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
R7.9
Loggings must be filed for at least 3 months
from the time when the fault incident occurred.
However, the maximum number of incidents to
be recorded is 100.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirements
stated.
R7.10
Logged data must be supplied in COMTRADE
format.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirement
stated.
7.5
Requesting meter data
R7.11
The electricity supply undertaking and the
transmission system operator are always entitled to request relevant information about a
wind power plant.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirement
stated.
R7.12
The transmission system operator can request
metered data and fault recorder data collected
for the wind power plant for a period of three
months back in time.
Verify that the wind power plant
complies with the requirement
stated.
Doc: 840965625
16/16