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Body Systems Review
Key Concepts
Chapter Summary
Chapter 10 Animals obtain and process nutrients for energy and growth from the food they eat.
 Nutrients
 Processing nutrients
 Digestive system
 digestive disorders
 We need nutrients from food for energy and growth. (10.1)
 Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. (10.1)
 Advances in technology have increased our understanding of the structure and function of
the digestive system and have led to the development of helpful dietary products. (10.1)
 We can use food labels and Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating to make informed
choices about the food we eat. (10.1)
 The body must process food through its digestive system in order to use nutrients from the
food effectively. (10.2)
 Food processing occurs in four stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
(10.2)
 In mammals, food is processed as it moves through the alimentary canal. (10.2)
 The digestive system consists of six specialized digestive organs and several accessory
organs and glands. (10.2)
 Diagnostic tools, such as an endoscopy, are used to diagnose digestive disorders, such as
ulcers. (10.2)
Chapter 11 The circulatory system transports materials through the body.
 Blood
 Blood vessels
 Heart
 Cardiovascular
disorders
 Promoting
cardiovascular health
 Animals may have an open or closed circulatory system. (11.1)
 The human cardiovascular system includes a heart, blood, and a network of blood vessels
that deliver nutrients to cells and remove cellular wastes. (11.1)
 Blood is made of plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. (11.1)
 Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. (11.1)
 Substances are exchanged between the blood and other tissues. (11.1)
 The lymphatic system is a transport system that recycles fluids needed in the circulatory
system. (11.1)
 The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system. (11.2)
 The rhythm of the heartbeat is controlled by the actions of nerves and hormones. (11.2)
 The pumping action of the heart creates pressure in the blood that can be measured.
(11.2)
 Disorders of the structures and functions of the circulatory system pose a significant risk to
health. (11.3)
 Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders involve an array of technologies.
(11.3)
 Strategies to promote the health of the circulatory system include eating a healthy diet,
maintaining an active lifestyle, not smoking, and having regular medical assessments.
(11.3)
Chapter 12 The respiratory system exchanges gases between blood and air.
 Gas exchange in
aquatic and terrestrial
animals
 Structures of the
human respiratory
system
 Breathing
 Disorders of the
respiratory system
 Interconnected
systems
 All cells need a regular supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy. (12.1)
 Gas exchange occurs by diffusion along the respiratory surfaces, which are thin, moist,
selectively permeable membranes with a large surface area. (12.1)
 Structures of the respiratory system allow air to flow from the environment into the body.
(12.1)
 The process of breathing moves air in and out of the body. (12.1)
 A blood protein called hemoglobin transports oxygen through the body. (12.1)
 Breathing rate is controlled by the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. (12.1)
 Some respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, and
lung cancer. (12.2)
 Internal systems of the body interact to maintain the health of the body. (12.2)
 An active lifestyle can reduce the risk of serious diseases such as diabetes. (12.2)
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
 alimentary canal
 glucose
 aneurysm
 hemoglobin
 amino acids
 glycogen
 aorta
 hormones
 bile
 hydrolysis
 aortic valve
 hypertension
 biopsy
 lymph vessels
 arrhythmia
 inferior vena cava
 bolus
 mechanical
digestion
 arteries
 lymph
 arteriosclerosis
 lymphatic system
 atherosclerosis
 pacemaker
 atria
 plaque
 calorie
 carbohydrates
 chemical digestion
 chyme
 colonoscopy
 duodenum
 endoscopy
 enzymes
 epiglottis
 esophagus
 fats
 feces
 fibre
 gastric juice
 minerals
 mucus
 nutrients
 pancreatic juice
 peristalsis
 pharynx
 probiotics
 protein
 rectum
 saliva
 sphincter
 villi
 vitamins
 atrioventricular valves  plasma
 blood pressure
 platelets
 capillaries
 pulmonary circuit
 cardiovascular disease  pulmonary valve
 cardiovascular system  red blood cells
 cholesterol
 sphygmomanometer
 coronary arteries
 stroke
 diastolic pressure
 sudden cardiac arrest
 diffusion
 superior vena cava
 diffusion gradient
 systemic circuit
 heart attack
 systolic pressure
 heart failure
 veins
 ventricles
 white blood cells
Chapter 12
 alveoli
 homeostasis
 asthma
 influenza
 breathing
 insulin
 bronchi
 larynx
 bronchioles
 lungs
 bronchitis
 pneumonia
 COPD
 respiratory surface
 cilia
 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
 cystic fibrosis
 sinusitis
 diabetes
 trachea
 diaphragm
 tracheal system
 emphysema
 tumours
Review Questions pg 349: 2-6, 11, 14-26, 28-31, 33-40, 43, 45-50, 53-57, 60-63, 65-66