Download Parthenon - Edublogs

The Classical Grecian Period
Art and Architecture
Parthenon
The classical Parthenon was
constructed between 447-432
BCE to be the focus of the
Acropolis building complex. The
architects were Iktinos and
Kallikrates (Vitruvius also names
Karpion as an architect) and it
was dedicated to the goddess
Athena Pallas or Parthenos. The
temple’s main function was to
shelter the monumental statue
of Athena that was made by
Pheidias out of gold and ivory.
Propylaia
Mnesikles was the architect of the
project, and he began building right
after the main construction of the
Parthenon was completed in 437
BCE, but construction stopped
abruptly five years later when the
Peloponnesian war began. The
Propylaia was almost complete at
this time, with the exception of
some finishing work that remained
undone, most notable of which are
the protrusions of the stones in the
north end wall of the building, and
some parts of the marble roof on
the west end.
Erechtheion
The temple as seen today was
built between 421 and 407 BCE.
Its architect may have been
Mnesicles and it derived its name
from a shrine dedicated to the
legendary Greek hero
Erichthonius. Some have
suggested that it may have been
built in honor of the legendary king
Erechtheus, who is said to have
been buried nearby. the
Erechtheion was built to
accommodate the religious rituals
that the old temple housed.
Temple of Athena Nike
The Temple of Athena Nike is
an ionic structure designed by
the architect Kallikrates. Nike
means "Victory" in Greek, and
Athena was worshiped in this
form, as goddess of victory. This
building was erected on top of
the remains of an earlier sixth
century temple to Athena,
demolished by the Persians in
480 B.C.
The Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
Northeast of the Parthenon and
north of the temple of Rome and
Augustus is the highest point on
the Acropolis, which was
occupied by the sanctuary of
Zeus Polieus, an open cult
precinct containing an altar and
a stable for the sacrificial
animals. The only remains of the
sanctuary are cuttings in the
rock.
Temple of Apollo
The temple of Apollo was first built
around the 7th c. B.C. by the two
legendary architects Trophonios and
Agamedes. It was rebuilt after a fire in
the 6th c. B.C.. and was named the
"Temple of Alcmeonidae" in tribute to
the noble Athenian family that oversaw
its construction with funds form all over
Greece and foreign emperors. This
temple was destroyed in 373 B.C. by
an earthquake and was rebuilt for the
third time in 330 B.C.
Theater at Epidauros
The ancient theater of Epidauros
was built by Polykleitos and is
located at the eastern
Peloponesse in southern
Greece, being one of the most
well-known and better preserved
ancient theaters. The theater
was constructed late in the 4th
and early in the 3rd century BC,
with a second construction
phase during the mid of the 2nd
century B.C.
Head of Alexander the Great
The Macedonian king is
represented as a youth with
luxuriantly wavy locks which rise
upward from above the middle
of his forehead like a lion's
mane, a characteristic known
from all Alexander portraits.
Probably an original work of the
sculpture, Leochares, carved
around 330 BCE.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
was one of the Seven Wonders
of the Ancient World. It was
made by the Greek sculptor of
the Classical Period, Phidias,
circa 432 BC on the site where it
was erected in the Temple of
Zeus, Olympia, Greece.
Athena Parthenos
Athena Parthenos, literally,
"Athena the Virgin" was the title
of a massive chryselephantine
sculpture (Made of gold and
ivory) of the Greek goddess
Athena by Phidias. It was
named after an epithet for the
goddess herself, and was
housed in the Parthenon in
Athens. A number of replicas
and works inspired by it, both
ancient and modern, have been
made.
Lemnian Athena
The Lemnian Athena or
Athena Lemnia, was a classical
Greek statue of the goddess
Athena. According to Pausanias
(1.28.2), the original bronze was
created by Phidias circa 450440 BCE, for Athenians living on
Lemnos to dedicate on the
Acropolis in Athens, Greece.
Athena Promachos
The Athena Promachos
(“Athena who fights in the front
line") was a colossal bronze
statue of Athena sculpted by
Pheidias, which stood between
the Propylaea and the
Parthenon on the Acropolis of
Athens. Athena was the
goddess of wisdom and warriors
and the protectress of Athens.
Sarpedon Vase
The Euphronios krater (or
Sarpedon krater) is an ancient
Greek bowl used for mixing wine
with water. Created around the
year 515 BC, it is the only
complete example of the
surviving 27 vases painted by
the renowned Euphronios and is
considered one of the finest
Greek vase artifacts in
existence.
Red-Figured Plate
The plate shows the rare subject
of a boy perched on a rooster,
his toes braced against the
framing line, reserved in red, of
the tondo border. The plates by
Epiktetos are all by the same
potter and differ from other
contemporary plates in that they
are not equipped with two holes
on the rim for suspension.
The Discus Thrower
The 'Discus-Thrower' or
'Diskobolos' by the Athenian
sculptor Myron, ca. 450 BC. One
of the most famous and copied
statues ever made, particularly
in Olympics-related art. The
motif of the Discus-Thrower was
heavily used in media relating to
the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics
especially.