Download Major Economies Process Presenation by Italian Embassy

MEM and the road to
Poznan and to Copenhagen
Alberto Devoto
Embassy of Italy, Washington DC
The MEM Process
“By the end of next year, America and other nations will set a long-
term global goal for reducing greenhouse gases. To help develop
this goal, the United States will convene a series of meetings of
nations that produce most greenhouse gas emissions, including
nations with rapidly growing economies like India and China. In
addition to this long-term global goal, each country would
establish midterm national targets and programs that reflect their
own mix of energy sources and future energy needs." − President
George W. Bush, 5/31/07
Washington, 27-28 September 2007
Leaders’ Representatives from:
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union (Portugal as EU
President plus the European Commission), France, Germany, Indonesia,
India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, United
Kingdom, United States and United Nations.
Pop. Mil. GDP (B $) CO2/cap CO2 total
China
1304.5
2234.5
3.2
4174.4
India
1094.6
805.7
1.2
1313.5
USA
296.4 12416.5
19.9
5898.4
Indonesia
220.6
287.2
0.4
88.2
Brazil
186.4
796.1
1.6
298.2
Russia
143.1
763.7
10.3
1473.9
Japan
127.4
4534.0
9.6
1223.0
Mexico
103.1
768.4
4.1
422.7
Germany
82.5
2794.9
9.8
808.5
France
60.9
2126.6
6.2
377.6
UK
60.2
2198.8
9.4
565.9
Italy
58.6
1762.5
7.7
451.2
Korea, Rep.
48.3
787.6
9.5
458.9
S. Africa
46.9
239.5
7.9
370.5
Canada
32.3
1113.8
17.9
578.2
Australia
20.3
732.5
17.8
361.3
Total
3886.1
34362.3
4.9
18864.5
World
6438.0
44645.0
4.3
27683.4
Major Economies
MEM Population: 3886.1 millions
MEM GDP: 34.4 T$
MEM CO2Emissions: 18.9 B tons
MEM Population: 60% of World population (6.4 B)
MEM GDP: 77% of World GDP (44.6 T$)
MEM CO2Emissions: 68% of World CO2Emissions (27.7 B tons)
Data: World Development Indicators 2007
Industrial Countries 2000
other
Developing Countries 2000
Agri.
electricity
2
2
Agri.
Land use
3
O.Comb.
4
5
Manuf.
1
other
1
trans.
6
3
4
O.comb.
5
Manuf.
transp.
6
electr.
7
Emission of CO2 by source
(millions of tons)
Industrial
Electricity
6,243
Manufacturing
2,131
Transportation
3,386
Other fuel
2,202
Agriculture
1,403
Land use change
-274
Other
1,895
Developing
3,842
2,106
1,374
1,386
3,516
7,887
2,251
Washington, 27-28 September 2007
MEM: a path forward under the UN Framework Climate Change Convention
(UNFCCC) with following goals:
1) Establish a process for reaching agreement on a long-term global goal for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Consider national goals and strategies over the mid-term, reflecting each nation's
own mix of energy sources, future energy needs, and development priorities, to
address the challenges of energy security and climate change, and discuss what
more needs to be done.
3) Highlight the most urgent needs for research and development of clean energy
technologies
4) Identify areas for collaboration in key sectors and discuss challenges and
opportunities for the development, financing, and commercialization of clean
energy technologies.
5) Develop a stronger, more transparent, and reliable system for measuring actions
to reduce greenhouse gases and improve energy security, and track progress toward
meeting these goals
Major Economies Meetings:
1) Washington, 27-28 September 2007
2) Honolulu, 30-31 January 2008
3) Paris, 17-18 April 2008
4) Washington, 21-22 May 2008 (consultations)
5) Seoul, 20-21 June 2008
6) Toyako, 9 July 2008 (joint declaration)
Major Economies Meeting Declaration:
1)our ability to achieve a long-term global goal will also depend on affordable, new,
more advanced, and innovative technologies, infrastructure, and practices that
transform the way we live, produce and use energy, and manage land
2) essential importance of enhanced greenhouse gas mitigation that is ambitious,
realistic, and achievable
3) actions to reduce emissions, including from deforestation and forest degradation,
can make a contribution to stabilizing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
4) tackling climate change will require greater mobilization of financial resources,
both domestically and internationally. There is an urgent need to scale up financial
flows, particularly financial support to developing countries; to create positive
incentives for actions
Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13)
3-15 December 2007
10,800 participants
3,500 government officials (100 ministers)
5,800 UN representatives
1,500 media representatives
Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13)
3-15 December 2007
Outcomes:
1) finalization of Adaptation Fund
2) reduction of emissions from deforestation
3) technology transfer and capacity building
4) Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms
5) COP 14: Poznan, December 2008
6) COP 15: Copenhagen, December 2009
Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13)
Bali Roadmap:
A two year process to finalize, by December 2009, a post2012 regime.
Mitigation actions by developing countries are supported by technology,
financing and capacity building, subject to measurable, reportable and
verifiable procedures;
Adaptation fund: administered by board operating under the guidance of
COP/MOP
Technology: start program to scale up investment in the transfer of
mitigation and adaptation technologies needed by developing countries
Poznan Conference of Parties (COP 13)
Move forward along Bali Roadmap:
Main Objectives : (in bureaucratese)
1) Agree on a plan of action and programs of work for the final year of
negotiations after a year of comprehensive and extensive discussions on
crucial issues relating to future commitments, actions and cooperation
2) Make significant progress on a number of on-going issues required to
enhance further the implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto
Protocol
3) Advance understanding and commonality of views on "shared vision"
for a new climate change regime
4) Strengthen momentum and commitment to the process and the agreed
timeline
Poznan Conference of Parties (COP 13)
Move forward along Bali Roadmap:
Main Objectives :
1) Make progresses on adaptation (risk management) , mitigation (risk
reduction), technology transfer and financing for developing countries.
2) Find means to achieve mitigation objectives for developed countries.
3) Start considering ranges of emission reduction objectives for Annex 1
parties
Highlights of the EU Commission Position
1) Revision of the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS):
national plans replaced by Europe-wide cap and
trade
2) Revision of the ETS: inclusion of sectors such as
construction, agriculture, …
3) Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)
4) Financing of 11 pilot plants for Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS)
Highlights of the EU Commission Position
1) Revision of the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS):
automatic “EU wide” 30% reduction of GHG by 2020
if International agreement to 20% reduction is
achieved.
Commission will fix an “ETS cap”, to be subdivided
into “caps” for each sector and subsector.
Highlights of the EU Commission Position
2) Renewable Energy Source Directive. By
2020, 20% of energy from renewable sources.
Fixed trajectory, with well defined
intermediate objectives. (Imports are included
if actually used inside EU). In transportation
sector biofuels at 10%.
Highlights of Italian Position
Central role of UNFCCC (MEM and G8 helpful)
Crucial role of EU GHG-reduction (but its industrial sector should bear a
disproportionate burden)
Per capita emissions should direct our actions
Crucial role of capacity building and technology transfer
Mitigation and forestation
Rapid deployment of Adaptation Fund
Efficiency: first-line cost-effective emission reduction resource