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Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Energy Transformations , Background Energy measures the ability to cause change within a system. Energy can cause matte?ÿt6ÿc-ha--nge posi-----ti-0n, speed, or state. An underlying principle of our understanding of force, motion, and energy is the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyecl, it just "chanÿJ f-ges form. Energy transformationÿiÿstems demÿ6nstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy regularly in our lives. When energy flow occurs in a system, measureable changes to parts of the system may occur such as speeding up, slowing down and getting warmer or cooler. ___________________________ The total amount of energy within the system remains the same yet the forms of energy can change. A flashlight demonstrates ____________________________________________________________ energy transformation when the energy in a battery changes from chemical energy to electrical _ energy to light energy. A windmill demonstrates energy transformation when the kinetic energy of wind turns the blades changing to mechanical energy, which is changed to electrical energy by the generator it powers. Forms of Energy Recall that ÿ1 energy is the stored energy of position as compared to its usual position (Examples: consider the base of a slide the usual position and a child at the top of the slide with potential energy due to position, OR consider an undrawn bow the usual position and the drawn bow with potential energy due to the position of the bowstring.) Kinetic energy is energy that is in motion (happening). The energy of motion or the ability to do motion that can be categorized into the forms of potential and Mechanical #. Energy ] ÿ.ÿ fÿ kinetic energy. ÿ .... Light energy that can be categorized as a form of kinetic energy. It includes all electromagnetic waves, a great range of wavelengths of different energies including radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and Radiant Energy x-rays. It can travel through empty space, air, or even solid substances. Please continue to the next page. Accelerate • ng,. A runaway skateboard, pedaling a bicycle, chewing food, water rushing through a dam Light bulbs, burning candles, the light from the Sun Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Background, continued Sound Energy The energy of ÿs that produces sound that can be categorized as kinetic energy. Your voice, whistles, whale It requires a medium (air, water or solids) in calls, the rattle of a train order to travel. Sound waves travel slower than passing on a track light waves. ,:,:: ÿ,i:: ÿ:!iii iÿi :ÿi::ÿ:: !:'::i?ÿ-,i ÿ Theÿnergÿ:ÿihiÿhemiCÿi!ii ÿ: :!ÿi, ii.ÿi;: ÿi i::i:,:ÿ: ÿ!:iFood,: fossil fuels :: i '! ÿ:ÿ :-ÿ ,ÿ;,:-. -- :: ¢ )oundsthat:canbe Categorized:as :potential::' ! :i i:i:(petroieum;coal;: natural::-" Electrical Energy Thÿles through a Electrical power generators, conductor that can be categorized static (the type that makes as kinetic energy, your hair stand on end) • :• Nuclear •••-I The energy stored wÿiitse!f::that:;•:-: •:•::•:Power:Piants:(breakthe :• ' Energy,",.l" canbe classifiedasa:;formofpotentialenergy...: bonds ofuraniumtocreate::.. . e!ectiicitYaÿdilheat)ifusion :::i Thermal Energy The energy related to the temperature of a substance that can be categorized as kinetic .' energy. Thermal energy is a result of tiny A fire, a hot stove, and a particles of matter that move (kinetic). The faster pizza just removed from the the mÿthe warmerÿ m--ÿr. All matter oven has thermal energy and although we can' t see the motion we can feel or see its effects. SOURCE: Thermal Energy, Retrieved December 1,2012, from http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/ Answer the background questions in the Student Journal. Accelerate %ÿ ÿ Lea r n ing'ÿ ® ÿoÿ.ÿoÿ,,ooo,oÿo ÿoom,oÿ.ÿ,,ÿ,ÿo ÿoÿo,.,oÿ 2 Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Background, continued The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed it just changes form. That energy can be demonstrated, observed and measured in a system can be stated because of the Law of Conservation of Energy. Contributions of many scientists over time and new discoveries about different forms of energy have all supported the current acceptance of the Law of Conservation of Energy by the scientific community. (---An transformation ischange the ofenergy from form in different one to another,Energy energy parts of a system can increase and decrease, but the total amount of energy stays the same. During transformation, energy can transfer from place to place, yet total ener£yremains the same because there is a decrease in the available energy in the energy source and an increase in available energy in the energy receiver. " -- Complete the background questions in your Student Journal. Accelerate Lea rni ng" ÿ ÿo14.2o1ÿ Aooo,oÿ Loon,ÿ°ÿ.ÿ,,tÿ,,,..oÿo,.,ÿ 3 Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy N a me: ÿ Date: Group: STUDENT JOURNAL i- --ÿ ( Energy Transformation) --,. .... Background ...... J" -. .... _ __. i 1. What is energy?4 . What are the two main forms of energy? Describe them. /o 3. Match each form of energy to the correct description. a. Chemicalÿ:_ & a. Energy of the movement of char#ed particles. b. Electrical ÿ, ÿb. Energy of the mÿrticles in an object. c. Mechanical & c. Energy stored within the matter of the element. ÿ ÿ/ÿ/ÿ;ÿ'h d. Radiant ÿ, ,ÿd. Energy ofÿ particles. e. Sound 'ÿ e. Energy that moves in electromagnetic waves f. ThermallY__ g. Nuclear f. ÿ g. 4. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? C 5. What is an energy transformation? . What happens to the amount of energy during an energy transformation? Use the terms energy source and ene[gy[ÿceiver.ÿl 1 ÿ.ÿ ÿ'°" Accelerate LearningTM © 2014- 2015 Accelerate Learning ÿ All Riglÿts Reserved f Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Part I: Plan Your Investigation You will complete an investigation to describe the energy transformations at seven stations. Question of Inquiry: With your class and teacher, discuss the Question of Inquiry and list the materials that you will need to conduct your investigation. Safety Precautions: At stations: Carefully remove and insert electrical plugs in the outlets by grasping the plugs, not the cords. Make sure your hands are completely dry before touching the plugs. Keep electrical appliances away from water and water sources. Do not touch the light bulb with the spiral paper or your body, it is very hot and can cause severe burns. Procedure: You will follow the instructions at seven stations to implement your investigation in Part II, Complete Part I in your Student Journal. Part I1: Implement Your Investigation Procedure: 1. At each station, follow the directions and record your observations in the Energy Transformation Observation data table in your Student Journal. 2. Complete the analysis questions in your Student Journal after you have completed the seven stations. Station Procedures: Hairdryer 1. Carefully plug the hairdryer into the electrical outlet. 2. Turn the hairdryer on. 3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? 5. Turn the hairdryer off and unplug it. Complete Part I in your Student Journal. Aÿ ccelerate Learning" 4 @ 2014 ÿ 20t5 At, telex'ate Learning - All Rights ReseJ'ved Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued Station Procedures, continued Battery Powered Fan , Place the battery/batteries inside the fan and replace the battery cover. Turn on the fan. 2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 3, What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? , Turn the fan off and take the batteries out of the fan. !ÿLamp 1. Plug in the lamp and turn it on. 2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? 4. Turn the lamp switch off and unplug the lamp. Solar Powered Tool 1. Turn the tool on. Cover the solar panel with your hand and observe what happens to the display. Remove your hand from the panel and observe the display. 2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? 4. Turn the tool off. Continue to the next page. ccelerate 5 Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued Station Procedures, continued i.ÿ'ÿ @rumpling Paper 1. Use your hands to crumple the piece of butcher paper. 2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? 4. Place the paper in the recycle bin. Iÿ ÿaper Spiral 1. Carefully plug the lamp into the electrical outlet and turn the lamp on. 2. Pick up the paper spiral by the end of the string and hold it 30 cm above the light bulb for 2 minutes. Be very careful to not touch the light bulb with the paper or your body. 3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source? 4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal. Accelerate 2, ,i 6 Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT GUIDE Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued Station Procedures, continued Two Diagrams of Natural Settings (iÿ_ . Observe the first illustration set of sunlight being transferred to a plant and then the plant shown again after time passes. 2. What is the energy source in the Diagram #1 system? What is the energy form of the source? 3. What is the energy receiver in the Diagram #1 system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? • Observe the second illustration set of the deer eating the plant and then the deer ',ÿ shown again running. 5. What is the energy source in the Diagram #2 system? What is the energy form of the source? 6. What is the energy receiver in this Diagram #2 system? What transformation of energy can be observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed? Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal. Accelerate %ÿ.Learning'ÿ 7 © 20t4 ÿ 2015 Accelerate Learning - All Rights Resewed Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET Diagram #1 ccelerate ,o oLearning © 2014 - 2015 Acoelerate Learning * All Rights Reserved Energy Transformations STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET Force, Motion, and Energy Diagram #2 A deer grazing A deer running Aÿ ccelerate ÿ oLearning 2 © 2014 - 2015 Aoo, elerate Lem'ning. All Rights Reserved Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT JOURNAL Part I: Implement Your Investigation Collect, Record, and Organize Your Data 1. Data Table: Energy Transformation Observations ,,ÿiÿ !•4:•i: :ÿ-i:,i:i(:'i; ÿ • ,::h• •.:.•,, : Lamp Crumpling Paper Diagrams of Natural Settings #1 : Of NatUral Accelerate %ÿ,Learning'° 2 © 2014 - 2015 Accelerate Learning ~ All RlghLÿ Reserved Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT JOURNAL Part I1: Implement Your Investigation Analyze Your Data ° Describe the energy transformations that occur in a hairdryer. . Describe the energy transformations that occur in a battery-powered fan. (_ < Electerical . Describe the energy transformations that occur after you turn on a lamp. 4. Describe the energy transformations that occur in a solar powered calculator. , Describe the energy transformations that occur when you crumple paper. >ÿ tQ ¢ . , c<t; <--' Describe the energy transformations that occur when turning on a lamp and holding a paper Describe the energy transformations that occur when energy is transferred from the Sun to plants and to a deer. Accelerate %,,LearningTM 3 @ 2014- 2015 Aeeeierate Learning- Ill Rlthts !ÿeseP,,et Energy Transformations Force, Motion, and Energy STUDENT JOURNAL Part II1: Implement Your Investigation, continued Analyze Your Data , g, Use your data from any station of the investigation to support the Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or ;troyed it can only change form. Use your data from the investigation to support the following statement: In energy transformations, energy decreases in some parts of the system, and increases in other parts, but the total amount of energyremains the same. .4 7 10. ''" ............ L -" Identify the energy transformations occurring in the following situations. A. A hot oven ÿ /ÿ &ÿ B. Aburning match to C ÿ[ÿ,'H C. Playing a guitar D. Melting snow E. Exploding fireworks ÿ, ÿ,'I ÿ ÿ-ÿ 11. °P / 7ÿ"/'ÿ ÿÿ' ÿ" ÿ,t ÿ,,,ÿ;'ÿ to -Fÿ ÿ" r-,ÿ and ÿ'.,'ÿ Jÿfÿ to S U ÿ ÿ,- ÿiÿ.. / to "T'C ÿ- ¢ ÿ'ÿ cÿL to jOc/ÿLÿ/ and ÿ¢,;,...,I and /_ k ÿ;ÿ.ÿ.ÿ The illustration below shows a wind turbine system. Identify the energy transformations that are occurring in the wind turbine system. WIND TURBINE SYSTEM ,/ 1 4 Wind turns blades o{ wind turbine 3 Enersy moves Enersy moves throush power lines t'rom generator ____.ÿ into power lines Enersy {tom power lines causes filaments in toaster to glow red Power Lines Accelerate %,Learning'o 4 @ 2014 ÿ 20t 5 Aeoetenate Learning - All RiglÿLÿ Reserved