Download 499 BCE – 192 BCE - Professor Deanna Heikkinen

499 BCE – 192 BCE ¡  Persian wars ¡  The Delian League ¡  Classical Age §  Economic prosperity §  Literary and artistic achievement §  Vital civic life ¡ 
¡ 
Pericles (496-­‐429 BCE) Strategos “general.” Pericles Bust of the statesman and general (strategos) “Pericles the Athenian, son of Xanthippos”—as the inscription reads. 5th century BCE . ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Decorative Painting on a Case from the 5th Century BCE In this scene a woman examines a sample of cloth being shown to her by a weaver. Women Gynaeceum Girls and marriage Greek marriage Slaves ¡  Two major Athenian festivals §  Pan-­‐Athenaia §  Great Dionysia ¡  Religion §  ritualistic no §  ethical code §  Hades The Panathenaia The Panathenaia was the great religious festival held every four years in Athens, in honor of the city's patron goddess. This scene depicts the preparations for the opening ceremony. ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Divine Wine A drinking cup depicting the goddess Athena pouring wine for the famous hero Herakles, 5th century BCE. Diet Cooking Vintage wines ¡  Poetry §  Pindar (522-­‐443) ▪  Pindar composed odes for special occasions §  Sappho (c.620-­‐570) ▪  Sappho expressed homoerotic love, and her island of Lesbos gave its name to Lesbianism ¡  Cleisthenes ¡  Aeschylus (525-­‐456 BCE) ¡  Drama originated in religious ritual ¡  The Cult of Dionysus ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Legends Sophocles Hubris The Amphitheater at Delphi The amphitheater dates to the 4th century BCE and was renowned for its extraordinary acoustical design, which allowed (and still allows) a whisper to be heard by thousands of people, even in the upper rows. ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
The Peloponnesian War (431-­‐404) Athens withdrew funds from the Delian League Sparta, Corinth, and other cities complained Athens responds ¡  Pericles peace treaty with Persia ¡  Athens and Sparta blockaded each other ¡  Sparta stuck a separate deal with the Persians ¡  Athens never recovered ¡  Sparta returned to suppressing its slaves ¡  Intellectual life of post-­‐Peloponnesian Greece §  Herodotus, History of the Persian Wars §  Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War ¡  Medicine ¡  Hippocrates §  Hippocratic Corpus §  Hippocratic Oath ¡  Philosophy §  Pythagorean (570-­‐495 BCE) §  Zeno (490-­‐430 BCE) §  Sophists ¡ 
¡ 
Socratic Method Ethics and Politics Socrates He was reputedly the ugliest but wisest man in Greece during the Classical Age. 4th century BCE. ¡ 
¡ 
Plato’s Academy A Roman reimagining of a Greek scene. This mosaic (ca. 100 BCE) shows a half dozen philosophers gathered, presumably, around Plato. Plato’s “Dialogues” Plato’s Ideal forms ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Nicomachus Natural world Everything has a telos—a purpose Do humans have a telos? Two 4th-­‐Century BCE Busts, Portraying Plato and Aristotle By tradition, Aristotle is always shown with a shorter beard than his teacher’s. ¡ 
Greatest conqueror of the ancient world §  Greece §  Asia Minor §  Persepolis in Persia §  Parthia and Bactria ¡ 
Established Greek-­‐style cities §  libraries full of Greek and Persian books §  Officers divorced Greek wives and took Persian ones ¡ 
Died in 323 BCE Alexander the Great A Roman copy (1st century BCE) of a Greek original bust. ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Greece to India Hellenistic Age: 323 -­‐1st century BCE Alexander’s empire split into 4 main states: §  Ptolemaic Egypt §  Seleucid Asia §  Attalid Anatolia §  Antigonid Greece ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Construction of cities Trade and transportation Hellenistic literature, art, and intellectual life Science Philosophy § 
§ 
§ 
§ 
§ 
Cynicism Epicureanism Neoplatonism Stoicism Skepticism Three Examples of Hellenistic Sculpture, Showing a New Emphasis on Movement and Gesture The first shows a gladiator or other competitive fighter. The second depicts the goddess Venus in a surprisingly modest pose. The third, which is a Roman copy of a lost Greek original, depicts the legendary figure of Laocoön as he is beset by sea-­‐serpents. ¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
¡ 
Jews rebuilt the temple in Jerusalem Schism between returnees and indigenous Jews Alexandrian Jews Seleucid Asia Plaster Cast of an Inscription from the Ruins of the Second Temple Written in Greek, the inscription stood out side the outermost wall of the Temple grounds; it states that only Jews may enter the Temple precinct itself. Non-­‐ Jews found within the walls potentially faced the penalty of death. ¡  Revolt over Jerusalem’s high priesthood ¡  Pagan altars set up in the temple ¡  Judas Maccabeus