Download Cycles of Matter

Cycles of Matter
MATTER is recycled in an ecosystem.
ENERGY flows in and out and cannot be recycled.
WHAT IS A BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLE?
• A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a
particular chemical through the biotic and
abiotic parts of an ecosystem.
• Cycles are
driven directly
or indirectly by
solar energy and
gravity.
HOW DOES CARBON CYCLE?
Carbon-based organic molecules are essential to
all organisms.
• The carbon cycle
moves CO2 from the
atmosphere, through
the food web, and
returns to the
atmosphere.
• CO2 is taken up via
photosynthesis and
released via
respiration.
• Volcanoes and the
burning of fossil fuels
contribute CO2 to the
atmosphere.
HOW DOES CARBON CYCLE?
HOW DOES WATER CYCLE?
Water is essential to all organisms. Organisms
all have bodies made mostly of water.
•The hydrologic, or water,
cycle is the circular
pathway of water on
Earth.
•Water moves by the
processes of evaporation,
transpiration,
condensation,
precipitation, and
movement through
surface and groundwater.
• 97% of the biosphere’s water is contained in the oceans,
2% is in glaciers and polar ice caps, and 1% is in lakes, rivers,
and groundwater.
HOW DOES WATER CYCLE?
HOW DOES NITROGEN CYCLE?
Nitrogen is a component of amino acids,
proteins, and nucleic acids.
• The nitrogen cycle
mostly takes place
underground.
• Nitrogen Fixation:
bacteria (in soil or
plant roots) convert
N2 gas into ammonia.
•Ammonia released into
soil is transformed
into ammonium.
• Nitrifying bacteria
change the ammonium
into nitrate.
• Decomposition returns Nitrogen back to the soil.
HOW DOES NITROGEN CYCLE?
HOW DOES PHOSPHORUS CYCLE?
Phosphorus is required by all organisms (in nucleic
acids, membranes, ATP).
• The phosphorus cycle
takes place at and below
ground level.
• Phosphate is released by
the weathering of rocks.
• Decomposition returns
phosphorus to the soil.
• Phosphorus leaches into
groundwater from the
soil and is locked in
sediments.
• Mining and agriculture
add phosphorus into
the environment.
HOW DOES PHOSPHORUS CYCLE?
HOW DO HUMANS INFLUENCE
CYCLES OF MATTER?
• Water withdraw from lakes and streams
• Clear vegetation (forests and other
plants)
• Fill wetlands
• Burning fossil fuels and wood
• Agriculture
• Runoff of animal wastes, fertilizer,
sewage treatment
• Etc.
Finish your Cornell Notes…
• Complete:
– Study Questions
– Summary
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