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Texas History Fort Burrows 10.2 - War With Mexico – Spring 1846 When James Polk ran for President in 1844, he promised to make the United States larger. Bringing Texas into the Union was the first step. Polk and his supporters wanted to do more. They wanted a country to stretch to the Pacific Ocean. Much of the land in the West, was owned by Mexico. This could lead to a fight. There was another possible conflict with Mexico. Polk thought the Rio Grande was the border between Mexico and Texas, Mexicans thought it was the Nueces River. Polk sent an official to Mexico. He offered to buy California, but Mexico refused to even meet with him. Polk realized that Mexico would not give up its land without a fight. He sent soldiers to the Rio Grande. The Mexican government saw this as an invasion. It sent soldiers of its own. The two sides fought a small battle. Polk said the Mexicans had invaded American soil. He convinced the U.S. Congress to declare war on Mexico in May 1846. About 5,000 Texans fought in the Mexican-American War. They helped the United States win. In 1848, the two countries signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico agreed that Texas was part of the United States. It also accepted the Rio Grande as the border. Finally, Mexico gave up large amounts of land. All or part of what is now Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming became part of the United States. The United States paid Mexico $15 Million for this land. Vocabulary: manifest destiny – US had the right and the duty to expand to the Pacific Ocean cession – the granting of land (giving) from one country to another The Road to War with Mexico § in 1844, President Polk believed that the United States had the right and duty to expand to the Pacific Ocean (manifest destiny) ¿ wanted to Annex Texas, he did so in 1845 ¿ interested in the land between Texas and the Pacific Ocean § he wanted to fix the southern boundary of Texas at the Rio Grande but Mexico disagreed. § Polk sent diplomat John Slidell to Mexico with an offer to buy California. Mexico was unwilling to deal with the United States. § meanwhile, Polk prepared for war § General Zachary Taylor, “Old Rough-n-Ready” brought 4,000 troops to Corpus Christi § they built Fort Texas on land that Mexico claimed as its own § fighting broke out in April of 1846 ¿ the first un-official Battle was at Palo Alto north of Brownsville 1 of 10.2 of Printer Copy Texas History Fort Burrows ¿ this fight ended in a draw § 4 days later the U.S. Congress declared war on Mexico, May 13, 1846 ¿ the Mexican army suffered heavy losses ¿ Taylor’s army crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico Texans and Mexican War § Angry at the U.S. for taking Texas away from them § Texas Rangers gain more fame ¿ They did not follow the every day rules of common battle Ranger Samuel C. Reid said, “Before us stood the steep and rugged hill, about 380 feet high, whose slopes were covered with thick and thorny chaparral. With a glass could be seen the swarm of Mexicans that crowned the height, while its cannon, which looked down in defiance at us, seemed to threaten total destruction to all who dared to approach…General Worth rode up, and pointing to the height said, ‘ Men, you are to take that hill and I know you will do it,’ With one response they all replied, We Will!” glass - the word they used for a telescope § American female spy ¿ Jane Cazneau was an American journalist that spied behind the Mexican lines Battles – Mexican troops verses American troops § Palo Alto 4000 Mexican to 2500 American § Buena Vista (Santa Anna) had 15,000 Mexican to 4800 American § Veracruz 16,500 Mexican to 10,000 American – captured Mexico City § Contreras 25,500 Mexican to 8000 American Results of the War § by September Taylor’s troops continued south and captured the city of Monterrey § U.S. forces led by Winfield Scott captured Mexico City also in September § victory Over Mexico. The fighting ended in September 1847 § Mexico lost the war Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) § Mexico recognized Texas as part of United States § Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande would be the southern border of Texas § Mexican Cession: Ceding Land 2 of 10.2 of Printer Copy Texas History Fort Burrows ¿ Mexico gave the United States land as part of a cession, or the granting of land by one country to another ¿ The United States gained territory that includes the present-day states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado ¿ it paid Mexico $15 million for the land § United States owned the lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific § Texas was looking toward the future, but war was not finished with Texas 1. What is a cession ? A. the granting of land by one country to another B. the period during which the governor reviews proposed laws C. an agreement by both sides to halt a battle D. an agreement to end a war 2. Under which treaty did Mexico recognize Texas as part of the United States ? A. the Treaties of Velasco B. the Treaty of Buena Vista C. the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo D. none of the above 3. What issues brought Texas and Mexico to war ? 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ 4. What group of Texas fighters earned fame in the Mexican War ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. What present-day states did the United States acquire in the Mexican Cession ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3 of 10.2 of Printer Copy