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The American Musical 1. Define musical: plays set to music 2. The Modern American musical began in the 1920’s with modern composers George Gershwin & Irving Berlin. 3. Define musical comedies: silly stories w/ lots of music and a chorus of dancers The American Musical 4. In 1927, Jerome Kern changed musical theatre with his musical Showboat. 5. In what ways did Kern change musical theatre? a) Dealt with serious subject matter b) Tied songs into the plot of the play. 6. How did the purpose of songs change after Kern’s show? Songs were no longer background, but used to tell the story. The American Musical 7. With Oklahoma!, why did many feel this was the true beginning of modern musical theatre? All elements (music, dance, dialogue & plot) were woven together to create a totally integrated story. 8. Shows like Bye Bye Birdie, West Side Story, Hair & Jesus Christ Superstar combine musical interests with social issues. 9. Describe West Side Story: dramatic retelling of Romeo and Juliet, set in NY with powerful songs and dances. The American Musical 10. Explain why has there been a recent movement toward smaller-cast, simpler musicals in recent years. Many communities cannot afford to stage bigbudget musicals. 11. What is the result of this movement toward smaller musicals? Can be produced on a smaller budget with lower admission prices allowing musical theatre to gain a wider audience. The American Musical 12. List two examples of musicals: a) With little or no dancing: Les Miserables, The Spitfire Grill b) With an abundance of dancing: A Chorus Line, Chicago c) All dancing: Contact, Movin’ Out 13. Define modern opera: all singing, no spoken dialogue a) Examples: Joseph, Tommy, Jesus Christ Superstar, Les Miserables, Phantom of the Opera 14. What two things should an actor be able to do if he/she is going to audition for musical theatre? Sing & dance Musical Personnel 1. Why are musicals more complicated than straight plays/dramas? Includes orchestra music, elaborate sets, larger casts, lots of costumes, special effects 2. Define Principals: actors in major roles 3. Define Chorus: groups of singers providing the back up to the principals Musical Personnel 4. What does the chorus do in a musical? Harmonize, serve in crowd scenes & production numbers 5. Define in stage director: the one who directs the actors on stage 6. List the jobs of the on stage director: block the actors, coaches actors on acting scenes, looks at the overall style and flow of the show Musical Personnel 7. Define music director: person who directs the musicians and singers 8. List the jobs of the musical director: works with actors, singers and dancers on vocal music, often conducts the orchestra 9. Define choreographer: person responsible for designing the show’s dance numbers 10. Define production number: elaborate song and dance number with the full cast Musical Personnel 11. How much do musicals cost: a) High school: $2,000-15,000 b) Professional: up to 10 million 12. What is the producer’s job? Market (sell) the show to a larger part of the community (audience) 13. What is the business manager’s job? Be in charge of the budget Musical Theatre Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. At the end of intermission, the lights go down and the orchestra begins playing the entr’acte. Jimmy is playing the role of “The King of Siam” in the upcoming production of The King and I. He is considered to be one of the principals in the production. It is important for the orchestra to have a copy of the score of the show in order to play the music for the performances. The entire cast was present at the rehearsal to learn the choreography for the song. Musical Theatre Vocabulary 5. The audience erupted into a standing ovation at the end of the production number. The number included both the principals and the chorus. 6. The orchestra did a beautiful job playing both the overture at the beginning of the play and the change music throughout the performance. 7. The director blocked one of the crossover scenes, while the actors read their lines from the libretto.