Download Digestive System and Excretory System

Name_________________________________ Period _________________
Digestive System
and
Excretory System
Vocabulary:
1. Mineral
2. Vitamin
3. Calorie
4. Digestion
5. Digestive system
6. Sphincter
7. Esophagus
8. Peristalsis
9. Stomach
10. Chyme
11. Small intestine
12. Bile
13. Absorption
14. Villi
15. Microvilli
16. Excretory system
17. Kidney
18. Utreter
19. Urinary bladder
20. Nephron
21. Glomerulus
22. dialysis
Nutrients and Homeostasis
6 Nutrients for Good Health
Nutrient
1.
Definition
involved in almost all chemical
reactions
2.
main source of energy
3.
growth and repair of body’s cells
and tissue (8 out of 20 amino
acids come from food)
4.
energy and key componants of
cell membranes, neurons,
hormones
5.
inorganic materials body uses to
carry out processes in cells, build
and repair tissue
6.
organic molecules that work with
enzymes to regulate cell function,
growth, development
Example
Nutritional Needs for Good Health
 Eating a _____________________________________________________
 ________________________: energy that comes from food
 Different foods have different amount of energy
 Calories should mostly come from ___________________________________________________
 Include physical activity
Food Labels: _____________________________________________
Food Labels Tell you:
1. serving size and number: different for each food item
2. calories and calories that come from fat
3. nutrients to limit: trans fat can cause cell damage, too much of these nutrients cause obesity
4. nutrients to target: required for each day
QUESTIONS
1. What 6 types of nutrients must you consume to stay healthy?
2. Give two examples of how nutrients help maintain homeostasis.
3. What information besides calories can help you make good food choices?
4. Why might vegans (no meat/dairy) have a hard time getting amino acids?
5. How does the function of vitamins and minerals differ from proteins and carbohydrates?
Nutrition Label Comparison
Some foods are very healthy in their natural form, but change when they are processed. An example of
this is a potato. Potatoes are high in carbohydrate, fiber, and vitamin C. Not all foods made from potatoes
are equal in nutrition, though. This activity will help you see how processing affects the nutrition of
potatoes.
Directions: Use the nutrition labels below to complete the information for each type of potato product,
then use that information to answer the questions on the next page.
Compare the total fat content on each label. Rank them from lowest to highest.
Compare the vitamin C content on each label. Rank them from lowest to highest.
The Digestive System

Digestion: ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Digestive system: organs that break down food into energy that can be used in cells
o Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, anus
o Sphincters: _______________________________________________________________
Color the following:
Mouth
Tongue
Esophogus
Liver
Stomach
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Samall Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

Red
Blue
Light Green
Dark Green
Light Blue
Orange
Brown
Purple
Dark Blue
Yellow
Black
Digestion takes place through:
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________



Each organ helps break down food
After digestion, nutrients are __________________ by body and __________________
______________________________________

Food enters mouth until it leaves the body  ___________________________________

_____________________________________: physical breaking apart of food

_____________________________________: use of other substances to break down food
Digestion in Mouth
 Teeth ____________________________________________________________________

Salivary glands release enzymes and moisten food (ex: Amylase: digests starch)

_________________________________ food back toward esophagus

Esophagus: __________________________________________________________________

_________________: rhythmic, involuntary contraction of smooth muscles in digestive organs
Digestion in Stomach
 Stomach: ________________________________________________________________

Proteins are digested in ___________________and ____________________________

Fats/sugars digest in ____________________________

Stomach muscles churn  breaks down food and mixes with digestive juices

Stomach lining secretes gastic juices (HCL and pepsin) and forms a semi-liquid mixture called
____________________________

Stomach pushes chyme slowly into ____________________________

Stomach also secretes ________________________________________________________
Digestion in Small Intestine
 Compelted here
 Long narrow tube where most digestion takes place
 Carbohydrates, protein, fat are digested in duodenum
o Enzymes/hormones from pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
flow here
o Pancreas 
________________________________________________________
o Liver  ________________________________________________________
o Bile is stored in the gall bladder
o Proteins  ________________________________________________________
QUESTIONS
1. What is the main function of the digestive system?
2. What is mechanical and chemical digestion?
3. What other organs help digest in the small intestine?
4. If someone has their gall bladder removed, what changes should they make in their diet?
Absorption of Nutrients

Most occur in ____________________________________________________

Absorption: process by which nutrients move our of digestive system

Small intestine: has three main strucutres  ___________________________________________
Specialized Structures
 Folds increase _______________________________
 Villi: fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients
 Micovilli: tiny projections on villi
3 Parts of Small Intestine: different parts absorb different molecules
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
Nutrients and Liver
 Blood leaves ______________________________________________________________
 Liver enzymes can build more comple molecules
o _______________________ _______________________
Water and Wastes: Large Intestine (colon)
 Absorb water
 Remaining waste makes solid waste
 Wastes ______________________________________________________________
 Stored in rectum, removed by anus
 ______________________________ live in colon
QUESTIONS:
1. Explain the purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine.
2. What is the main function of the large intestine?
3. What is the difference between digestion and absorption?
Excretory System
 _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
 Wastes are toxic material, excess water, salts, CO2, urea, minerals, vitamins
 Organs: skin, lungs, kidneys, ureteres, urinary bladder, and urethra
o Lungs: _________________________________________________________________
o Sweat glands: release water/salts
o _______________________: filter and clea blood to produce urine
o Ureter: tube carries urine from ______________________________________________
o ____________________________: store half liter of urine
o _______________________: release urine to outside environment
Color the following:
Kidney: Red
Ureter: blue
Bladder: green
Urethra: yellow
Structure of Kidney
 Pair about the size of fist

Inner layer (_______________________) outer layer (_______________________)

Packed with _______________________ (individual filtering units)

Blood enters through _______________________and leaves through _______________________
3 Functions and Homeostasis
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________ (bone health, produce red blood cells,
and regulate blood pressure)

Buildup of wastes in blood can cause many problems
Nephrons Clean Blood and Make Urine
3 step process
1. _______________________
 Supplied with blood to glomerulus (ball of capillaries inside of Bowman’s capsule)
2. _______________________
 Excess water becomes urine
3. _______________________
 Urine is produces
 Keeps blood pH at the proper level
Flows to bladder  released by urethra
Urine Testing: used by doctors to tell when something is wrong with kidneys (infection)
Injury/Disease
 _______________________: need to have similar tissues, but you can survive with one kidney

_______________________: patients blood is cleaned and chemically balanced
QUESTIONS
1. How do main organs get rid of wastes?
2. How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?
3. How does dialysis help people with kidney failure?