Download Biology Final Review Study Guide

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Biology Final Review Study Guide
1. Define Biology:
2. Identify the following equipment:
3. Name the steps to the scientific Method
4. Draw an example of a line graph:
What goes on the X axis?
What goes on the Y axis?
5. When do you make a line graph?
6. When do you make a bar graph?
7. Scientists make _______________ before forming a question to their problem?
8. For a hypothesis to be valid it must be ______________ .
9. How many variables can a controlled experiment test at one time?
10. What is the difference between a hypothesis and theory?
11. When you make a variable chart, what three variables are identified?
12. What instrument is used in Biology that has two lenses which light passes through to
show the specimen?
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Name:__________________________Hour__________
13. What are the properties of water?
14. Why is water such a good solvent?
15. What are the four macromolecules we have studied all year? Give an example of each
and their function in nature.
16. What is activation energy?
17. What are enzymes and their function?
18. What is the source of energy for almost all living things?
19. What are the three parts to the cell theory?
20. What is the smallest unit of all living organisms?
21. Draw a plant and animal cell. Label each with the following organelles as appropriate?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes,
chromosomes, centrioles, chloroplasts, cell wall.
Plant cell
Animal cell
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22. What is the importance of the
a. Nucleusb. Endoplasmic Reticulumc. Mitochondria23. What organelles are found in the plant cell and not the animal cell?
24. What pigment is found in the chloroplast?
25. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
26. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
27. What is the function of ATP?
28. What is diffusion?
29. What is active transport?
30. Which process requires the input of energy?
31. What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions?
32. Name the phases of mitosis and explain what is happening in each phase.
33. What is the purpose of mitosis?
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Name:__________________________Hour__________
34. What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
35. Define binomial nomenclature.
36. Define cladogram and draw an example of one:
37. Every living organism has a ______________. The first word is the ______ and the
second word is the _______. Example: Crotalus atrox (diamond back rattlesnake)
38. How do you properly write the scientific name?
39. What is the order of hierarchy for classification?
40. Who is the father of Genetics?
41. Define the following:
Haploid:
Diploid:
Gamete:
Homozygous:
Heterozygous:
Monohybrid cross:
Dihybrid cross:
Dominant:
Recessive:
Allele:
Codominant:
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Incomplete Dominant:
Karyotype:
Mutation:
Sex-Linked:
42. Who determines the sex of the offspring?
43. Place the following in the correct sequence: DNA,protein,chromosome, gene
44. A useful device for predicting the possible offspring of crosses between different
genotypes is the ___________________
45. If an individual has the genotype Bb they are _______________________
46. What is a genotype?
47. What is a phenotype?
48. Give the chromosome example for females: _____ males _______.
49. What is a “carrier”?
50. Define DNA:
51. What is the subunit of DNA called? ____________
52. A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with
________________ and _______________________.
53. Name the two types of gametes: ________________ and __________
54. Name the four types of nitrogen bases found in DNA:
55. What is Chargoff’s rule about the nitrogen bases?
56. Name the process in which DNA copies itself. _______________
57. What is transcription?
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58. What is translation?
59. What is a codon and where is it found?
60. What is an anti-codon? And where is it found?
61. Name the three types of RNA and function of each.
62. During DNA replication, A DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGA produces a
complementary strand that will be:
63. On what chromosomes are the sex-linked genes located on?
64. If an insect is heterozygous for red eyes (XRXr) crossed with a white eyed male (XrY)
What percent of their offspring will have red eyes? (show your work)
65. The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
_______________________
66. A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
___________________.
67. A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by _________________
68. Define palindrome.
69. How did you know if you were successful in transforming the glow gene into the E.
Coli bacteria?
70. DNA fingerprinting is based on what fact?
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Name:__________________________Hour__________
71. Who was Charles Darwin?
72. Define abiogenesis and biogenesis
73. Define adaptation.
74. Define natural selection
75. Define evolution.
76. What drives evolution in nature?
70.What did Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands?
71. What type of rock is most fossils found in?
72. Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
73. Define mutation.
74. Define half-life.
75. Define biotic factors and abiotic factors
76. Define the following and give an example:
Autotroph :
Heterotroph:
Producer:
Consumer:
Carnivore:
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Herbivore:
Omnivore:
Decomposer:
77. What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
78. Differentiate between food chain and food web. Draw a food chain for the following
organisms: algae, shark, zooplankton, squid.
79. Which way does the energy flow in the food webs?
80. Draw a pyramid and include at least four trophic levels.( Producers, primary consumer,
secondary consumer, tertiary consumers, and decomposers.)
81. Define Biomass:
82. How much energy is lost from one level to the next?
83. Give an example of a predator/prey relationship?
84. Define symbiosis:
85. Define and give an example of the following symbiotic relationships using the Brassica
Butterfly and Wisconsin Fast Plants as examples:
Mutualism:
Commensalism:
Parasitism:
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Name:__________________________Hour__________
86. Define the following:
Carrying capacity:
Exponential growth:
Limiting factors:
87. What has had the most important source of environmental impact on Earth today?
88. Over exposure to the sun can cause _________
89. What occurs as a population increases? Decreases? (In terms of death rates and births)
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