Download Interactions within Ecosystems

Ecology
Interactions
Unit Part I
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand and yell “hoot, hoot” as soon as
you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
That is you! You are one
species that is connected
to every other species.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Watch what happens to
the web as we remove
species.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Ecology: Interactions Unit

Everything is connected to each other (1).
Understanding the complexity of
how species are connected is the
key to better management and our
own well-being.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Area of Focus: Competition.
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• What is competition?
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
Competition: The interaction between
organisms or species, in which the fitness
of one is lowered by the presence of
another. (2)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Competition: The interaction between
organisms or species, in which the fitness
of one is lowered by the presence of
another.
Fitness:
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Competition: The interaction between
organisms or species, in which the fitness
of one is lowered by the presence of
another.
Fitness: an individual’s ability to survive
and reproduce in an environment.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
4 Types of Competition (3)
 Interspecific
 Intraspecific
 Interference
 Exploitative
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
Interspecific competition: Over resources
between different species.
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
Intraspecific competition: The same
species compete for resources.
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
Interference competition: fighting /
disrupting.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Birds will often chase other birds away
from habitat.
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• Fish will also protect their territory and
chase away other fish.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Exploitative: Sharing resources
among the “pack”.
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• Continued Focus – Animal Interactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Most animal interactions are… (4)
 Competing
for the same food supply.
 Eating (predation).
 Avoid being eaten (avoiding predation).
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Here I am!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Predators and Prey.
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
Predator: An organism that lives by preying
on other organisms. (5)
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
Prey: An animal hunted for food. (6)
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
Prey: An animal hunted for food.
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
Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
*
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
Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Any Predictions?
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
Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Typical Predator and Prey population
graph.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Please make some inferences about this
graph.
– Why do the populations rise and fall as they
do?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! As prey rise,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just
behind them.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just
behind them. As they rise they
overpopulate and many prey get eaten.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just
behind them. As they rise they
overpopulate and many prey get eaten.
The predators then die until the prey
repopulate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Discuss the notes so far with
tablemates for 1 minute and fill in
any blanks. Any questions?

New Area of Focus: SYMBIOSIS
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Symbiosis: (8) A long term relationship
between two or more different species.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Three types of symbiosis:
Parasitism (10)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Three types of symbiosis
-
Parasitism
Mutualism (11)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Three types of symbiosis
-
Parasitism
 - Mutualism
 - Commensalism
Commensalism (16)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Parasitism: One organism benefits while
the other is harmed. (10)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“I’m sick of
studying dumb
stuff” “Why
should I care
about studying
parasites?”
• 1 in 3 American suffers in some form from
a parasite.
– Learn about them to help yourself.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Gross
Parasitism: Tapeworm and Human
37 feet is the human record
AIDS Virus and Human T-cells
Parasitic Mold and a Locust

Mutualism: Both organisms benefit. (11)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Types of mutualisms
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed
each other. (12)

Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed
each other. Usually nutrient related.
Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and
Legume Plants
Cleaning
symbiosis:
One species
gets food and
shelter, the
other has
parasites
removed. (13)
 (Ex) plover
and crocodile

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Oxpecker and Water buffalo
Defensive mutualisms: One species protects the
other and gets some benefits for its help. (14)
Fire Ants and Acacia trees
• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Never climb Acacia trees that have these
galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and
coming running out to attack. They get
drops of sugar from the leaves of the tree.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are
a mutualism.
• The Sea Anemone and the Clownfish are
a mutualism. The Anemone gets small
scraps from the clownfish, and the
Clownfish gets protection. (15)
• The Sea Anemone and the Clownfish are
a mutualism. The Anemone gets small
scrapes from the clownfish, and the
Clownfish gets protection.

Commensalism: One organism benefits
while the other doesn’t benefit or suffer
harm. (16)
Barnacles and Whales
• The remora just hitches a ride to grab some
scraps after the kill.
Marine Isopod and a Pacu
• The Tongue-eating
isopod larva will swim
into the fish through it’s
gills, then anchor itself in
the mouth of this fish.
• As it grows, it eats the
tongue of the fish, slowly
replacing it.
• This doesn’t really harm
the fish, and the isopod
gets a home and free
meals!
Apparently, a 2012 movie called
The Bay is based on this
organism.
Want more Parasitic
Nightmares?
Let’s Review These Symbiotic
Relationships!
• As the video is playing, please work and
complete Part C of the packet,
“How Do Living Things Interact With Their
Environment?” packet.
We will take our Ecology Exam
on October 2 and 3. That’s next
Thursday and Friday!
• This will be 50% of our grade, so we must
begin reviewing our notes and ISN to see
what we need to study.
• You will begin working on your Ecology
Test Review, even as we still study the
unit. You should complete #1- 18 by the
next class. Work neatly and really try to
see you already know and what concepts
still need to be reviewed.
Living Together
• Let’s see if we can figure out what kind of
relationships these organisms have.