Download Chapter 16 Vocabulary

Name: ____________________________
Science 7 - ____ Johnston Date: _________________________
Chapter 16 Vocabulary
Section 1: The Endocrine System
1)
____________________: an organ of the endocrine system that produces and releases its chemical
products directly into the bloodstream
2)
____________________: a cell in the body that recognizes a hormone’s chemical structure
3)
____________________: an endocrine gland just below the hypothalamus that communicates with the
hypothalamus to control many body activities
4)
____________________: the body system that controls many of the body’s daily activities as well as
long-term changes such as development
5)
____________________: the chemical product of an endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down
the activities of an organ or tissue
6)
____________________: the tiny part of the brain that links the nervous system and the endocrine
system
7)
____________________: a process in which a system is turned off by the condition it produces
Word Bank:
endocrine system
Hypothalamus
endocrine gland
pituitary gland
hormone
negative feedback
target cell
Section 2 Part 1: The Male Reproductive System
8)
___________________: the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell
9)
___________________: a rod-shaped cellular structure that carries the information that controls
inherited characteristics
10)
___________________: an external pouch of skin in which the testes are located
11)
___________________: a female sex cell
12)
___________________: a fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg
13)
___________________: a mixture of sperm cells and fluids
14)
___________________: the process by which living things produce new individuals of the same type
15)
___________________: a male sex cell
16)
___________________: organ of the male reproductive system in which sperm and testosterone are
produced
17)
___________________: the organ through which semen and urine leave the male body
18)
___________________: a hormone produced by the testes that controls the development of physical
characteristics in men
Word Bank:
egg
zygote
scrotum
sperm
chromosome
semen
fertilization
testis
penis
reproduction
testosterone
Section 2 Part 2: The Female Reproductive System
19)
___________________: an organ of the female reproductive system system by which eggs and
estrogen are produced
20)
___________________: a passageway for eggs from an ovary to the uterus; the place where
fertilization usually occurs
21)
___________________: a muscular passageway through which a baby leaves the mother’s body
22)
___________________: the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary into an oviduct;
occurs about halfway through a typical menstrual cycle
23)
___________________: a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of adult
female characteristics
24)
___________________: the hollow, muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which a baby
develops
25)
___________________: the monthly cycle of changes that occurs in the female reproductive system,
during which an egg develops, and the uterus prepares for the arrival of a
fertilized egg
26)
___________________: the process that occurs if fertilization does not take place, in which the
thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and blood and tissue then pass out
of the female body through the vagina
Word Bank:
ovary
menstrual cycle
estrogen
ovulation
oviduct
menstruation
uterus
vagina
Section 3: The Human Life Cycle
27)
____________________: pressure from friends and classmates to behave in certain ways
28)
____________________: a ropelike structure that forms in the uterus between the embryo and the
placenta
29)
____________________: a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects a developing fetus in the uterus
30)
____________________: a fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg
31)
____________________: period of sexual development during the teenage years in which the body
becomes able to reproduce
32)
____________________: a developing human from the ninth week of development until birth
33)
____________________: a membrane that becomes the link between the developing embryo or fetus
and the mother
34)
____________________: a developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization
Word Bank:
zygote
umbilical cord
embryo
fetus
amniotic sac
puberty
placenta
peer pressure
Section 4: Reproduction and Genetics
35)
___________________: passing of traits from parents to offspring
36)
___________________: a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
37)
___________________: a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
38)
___________________: the reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring
that are identical to the parent
39)
___________________: an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is
present
40)
___________________: an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
41)
___________________: the different forms of a gene
42)
___________________: the reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic
material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
43)
___________________: the genetic material that carries information about an organism and that is
passed from parent to offspring
44)
___________________: the scientific study of heredity
Word Bank:
dominant allele
Sexual reproduction
heredity
allele
genetics
gene
trait
DNA
recessive allele
asexual reproduction