Download Singular Plural λυων λυόντες λυόντος λυόντων λυόντι λυουσιν λυόντα

An Exercise in Participles
Another verbal mood which is used to add sophistication to
expression is the use of participles. These are verbs that are not
primary to the sentence but secondary actions.
An example in English is as follows:
‘Following closely, the police apprehended the victim.’
In this sentence, ‘following’ is the participle, and the main action by
the primary verb is ‘apprehended’
The verbal forms follow the pattern for adjectives, as participles can
often function like adjectives. So they are declined for each case and
change forms for gender and number.
The principle MASCULINE forms for participles are as follows:
Singular
Plural
λυων
λυόντες
λυόντος
λυόντων
λυόντι
λυουσιν
λυόντα
λυοντας
The translation for this participle would be ‘releasing’ or ‘loosing’
ων ending is tell- tale of participle in a verb. We are used to seeing it in
nouns and adjectives, but it is also a verbal form for nominative masculine
participle. Since many of the verbs will be used for Jesus or other male
characters in the gospel, the masculine forms will be used more often than
their feminine or neuter counterparts.
So let us look at this passage from Mark
Mark 14: 22
Καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ
ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν, Λάβετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
This passage concerns the Passover before Jesus’ passion and it begins with
a participle,
Καὶ ἐσθιόντων
ἐσθιω meaning ‘I eat’
so translated literally ‘and eating’ and suggests the action to follow is
happening during the meal. The form is plural, so a good translation might
be
‘and as they were eating’
αὐτῶν pronoun using case and number of the participle – ‘he himself’
λαβὼν – here is the second participle – the root verb is
λαμβανὼ - I take –
here however, the stem is changed suggesting this is an aorist form – in
participles, the aorist has no augment. So this is an aorist participle and
would be translated
- ‘Having taken’
Again – we are still waiting for the main verb.
ἄρτον this is the word for loaf of bread – masculine noun – base form ἄρτος
Q1 what case and number is ἄρτον?
εὐλογήσας - another Aorist participle from εὐλογεω – where we get the
word eulogy – ‘a good word’. Here it is meant as ‘delivering a blessing’
Q2 How would we translate this Aorist participle?
Finally the main verbs arrive - first, ἔκλασεν from κλασω I break
Q3 What Tense, number and person is ἔκλασεν? how would you translate
it?
Then ἔδωκεν from δίδωμι I give – a change stem aorist
Q4 Translation for ἔδωκεν?
αὐτοῖς - to them (notice the dative case and plural number)
καὶ εἶπεν – ‘and said’ εἶπεν is aorist of λέγω
Λάβετε – imperative – notice the you plural ending – it is a command to
the group ‘take’
τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου – this is the body of me
We will end the lesson here, and not labour over the last phrase. This
lesson is about participles.
Note for your vocab list
δίδωμι I give
εὐλογεω I bless
ἄρτος loaf/ bread
λαμβανὼ - I take
ἐσθιω – I eat
τὸ σῶμά - the body
Write your full translation of this verse